Development of event-driven optimal control for central air-conditioning systems

Event-driven optimal control was recently developed for central air-conditioning systems to speed up the response of optimal control to irregular changes in the system optioning conditions. In a time-driven paradigm usually, the optimization is carried out with a constant frequency, however the event-driven optimal control triggers optimization actions by events, which will be essentially defined to catch up with the irregular changes. Considering that the occurrence of events should imply the necessity to execute optimization, this paper investigates the necessity of optimization actions, based on which a new method to develop event-driven optimal control law is proposed. This can naturally lead to the establishment of an event-action map. This map indicates that not all the decision variables should be optimized when an eventoccurs, different from other methods that require optimizing all decision variables. The merits of the new method were also demonstrated using several case studies.<br

Data_Sheet_1_Anti-inflammatory compounds from the mangrove endophytic fungus Amorosia sp. SCSIO 41026.docx

Three new chlorinated compounds, including two propenylphenol derivatives, chlorophenol A and B (1 and 2), and one benzofuran derivative, chlorophenol C (3), together with 16 known compounds, were isolated from the mangrove endophytic fungus Amorosia sp. SCSIO 41026. 7-Chloro-3,4-dihydro-6,8-dihydroxy-3-methylisocoumarine (4) and 2,4-dichloro-3-hydroxy-5-methoxy-toluene (5) were obtained as new natural products. Their structures were elucidated by physicochemical properties and extensive spectroscopic analysis. Compounds 1, 4, 7, 9, 13, 15, 16, and 19 possessed inhibitory effects against the excessive production of nitric oxide (NO) and pro-inflammatory cytokines in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged RAW264.7 macrophages without obvious cytotoxicity. Moreover, 5-chloro-6-hydroxymellein (13) further alleviated the pathological lung injury of LPS-administrated mice and protected RAW264.7 macrophages against LPS-induced inflammation through PI3K/AKT pathway in vivo. Our research laid the foundation for the application of compound 13 as a potential anti-inflammatory candidate.</p

Presentation_1_Structurally Diverse Polyketides From the Mangrove-Derived Fungus Diaporthe sp. SCSIO 41011 With Their Anti-influenza A Virus Activities.PDF

<p>Influenza A virus (IAV) is a severe worldwide threat to public health and economic development due to its high morbidity and mortality. Marine-derived fungi have been evidenced as a prolific source for the discovery of pharmacologically-active lead compounds. During the course of our search for novel bioactive substances from marine microorganisms, six new polyketides, including two octaketides (1–2), one chromone derivative (13), two highly substituted phthalides (17–18), and one α-pyrone derivative (21) along with 22 known congeners were isolated from a mangrove-associated fungus Diaporthe sp. SCSIO 41011. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis and by comparison with literature data. And the absolute configurations were established according to the specific rotation or electron circular dichroism method. Antiviral evaluation results revealed that compounds 14, 15, 26, and 5-chloroisorotiorin displayed significant anti-IAV activities against three influenza A virus subtypes, including A/Puerto Rico/8/34 H274Y (H1N1), A/FM-1/1/47 (H1N1), and A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2), with IC₅₀ values in the range of 2.52–39.97 μM. The preliminary structure-activity relationships (SARs) are also discussed. These findings expand the chemical and bioactive diversity of polyketides derived from the genus Diaporthe, and also provide a basis for further development and utilization of chromone, xanthone, and chloroazaphilone derivatives as source of potential anti-viral chemotherapy agents.</p

Peniditerpenoids A and B: Oxidized Indole Diterpenoids with Osteoclast Differentiation Inhibitory Activity from a Mangrove-Sediment-Derived <i>Penicillium</i> sp.

An unprecedented di-seco-indole diterpenoid, peniditerpenoid A (1), and a rare N-oxide-containing indole diterpenoid derivative, peniditerpenoid B (2), together with three known ones (3–5), were obtained from the mangrove-sediment-derived fungus Penicillium sp. SCSIO 41411. Their structures were determined by the analysis of spectroscopic data, quantum chemical calculations, and X-ray diffraction analyses. Peniditerpenoid A (1) inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced NF-κB with an IC50 value of 11 μM and further effectively prevented RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation in bone marrow macrophages. In vitro studies demonstrated that 1 exerted significant inhibition of NF-κB activation in the classical pathway by preventing TAK1 activation, IκBα phosphorylation, and p65 translocation. Furthermore, 1 effectively reduced the level of NFATc1 activation, resulting in the attenuation of osteoclast differentiation. Our findings suggest that 1 holds promise as an inhibitor with significant potential for the treatment of diseases related to osteoporosis

Isochromophilones A–F, Cytotoxic Chloroazaphilones from the Marine Mangrove Endophytic Fungus <i>Diaporthe</i> sp. SCSIO 41011

Six new highly oxygenated chloroazaphilone derivatives, isochromophilones A–F (<b>1</b>–<b>6</b>), were obtained from the mangrove-derived fungus <i>Diaporthe</i> sp. SCSIO 41011, together with six known analogues (<b>7</b>–<b>12</b>). The structures of <b>1</b>–<b>6</b> including absolute configurations were determined by detailed NMR, MS spectroscopic analyses, and electronic circular dichroism spectra. Compounds <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> represent the first reported azaphilones lacking a carbonyl group at C-6. Compound <b>8</b> exhibited cytotoxic activities against three renal carcinoma cell lines, ACHN, OS-RC-2, and 786-O cells, with IC₅₀ values ranging from 3.0 to 4.4 μM, and <b>4</b> showed activity against 786-O cells with an IC₅₀ of 8.9 μM. Further studies indicated that <b>4</b> induced apoptosis in 786-O cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner

Peniditerpenoids A and B: Oxidized Indole Diterpenoids with Osteoclast Differentiation Inhibitory Activity from a Mangrove-Sediment-Derived <i>Penicillium</i> sp.

An unprecedented di-seco-indole diterpenoid, peniditerpenoid A (1), and a rare N-oxide-containing indole diterpenoid derivative, peniditerpenoid B (2), together with three known ones (3–5), were obtained from the mangrove-sediment-derived fungus Penicillium sp. SCSIO 41411. Their structures were determined by the analysis of spectroscopic data, quantum chemical calculations, and X-ray diffraction analyses. Peniditerpenoid A (1) inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced NF-κB with an IC50 value of 11 μM and further effectively prevented RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation in bone marrow macrophages. In vitro studies demonstrated that 1 exerted significant inhibition of NF-κB activation in the classical pathway by preventing TAK1 activation, IκBα phosphorylation, and p65 translocation. Furthermore, 1 effectively reduced the level of NFATc1 activation, resulting in the attenuation of osteoclast differentiation. Our findings suggest that 1 holds promise as an inhibitor with significant potential for the treatment of diseases related to osteoporosis

Nitrobenzoyl Sesquiterpenoids with Cytotoxic Activities from a Marine-Derived <i>Aspergillus ochraceus</i> Fungus

Nitrobenzoyl sesquiterpenoids are rare from natural sources. Two new nitrobenzoyl sesquiterpenoids, insulicolide B (<b>1</b>) and insulicolide C (<b>3</b>), and the new natural product 14-<i>O</i>-acetylinsulicolide A (<b>2</b>) were isolated from culture extracts of the marine-derived fungus <i>Aspergillus ochraceus</i> Jcma1F17, together with three known nitrobenzoyl sesquiterpenoids (<b>4</b>–<b>6</b>) and a derivative sesquiterpenoid (<b>7</b>). The structures of the new compounds, including their absolute configurations, were determined by NMR and MS spectroscopic data analyses and comparison between the calculated and experimental ECD spectra. The nitrobenzoyl sesquiterpenoids (<b>1</b>–<b>6</b>) were evaluated for their cytotoxicities against three renal carcinoma cell lines, ACHN, OS-RC-2, and 786-O cells, and compounds <b>2</b>, <b>4</b>, and <b>5</b> displayed activities with IC₅₀ values of 0.89 to 8.2 μM. Further studies indicated that <b>2</b> arrested the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase at a concentration of 1 μM and induced late apoptosis at a concentration of 2 μM after a 72 h treatment of 786-O cells

Three new polyketides from the marine sponge-derived fungus <i>Trichoderma</i> sp. SCSIO41004

<p>Three new polyketides named trichbenzoisochromen A (<b>1</b>), 5,7-dihydroxy-3-methyl -2-(2-oxopropyl)naphthalene-1,4-dione (<b>2</b>) and 7-acetyl-1,3,6-trihydroxyanthracene-9,10- dione (<b>3</b>) together with six known compounds (<b>4</b>–<b>9</b>) were isolated from a sponge-derived fungus <i>Trichoderma</i> sp. SCSIO41004. The structures of three new polyketides (<b>1</b>–<b>3</b>) were determined by the extensive spectroscopic analysis, including 1D, 2D NMR and HRESIMS data. The absolute configuration of compound <b>1</b> was confirmed by the specific optical rotation value and CD spectra analyses. Compound <b>4</b> exhibited significant inhibitory activity against EV71 with the IC₅₀ value of 25.7 μM.</p

Additional file 1 of Functional characterization of D-type cyclins involved in cell division in rice

Supplementary Material

Antituberculosis compounds from a deep-sea-derived fungus <i>Aspergillus</i> sp. SCSIO Ind09F01

<p>Eleven diketopiperazine and fumiquinazoline alkaloids (<b>1–11</b>) together with a tetracyclic triterpenoid helvolic acid (<b>12</b>) were obtained from the cultures of a deep-sea derived fungus <i>Aspergillus</i> sp. SCSIO Ind09F01. The structures of these compounds (<b>1</b>–<b>12</b>) were determined mainly by the extensive NMR, ESIMS spectra data and by comparison with previously described compounds. Besides, anti-tuberculosis, cytotoxic, antibacterial, COX-2 inhibitory and antiviral activities of these compounds were evaluated. Gliotoxin (<b>3</b>), 12,13-dihydroxy-fumitremorgin C (<b>11</b>) and helvolic acid (<b>12</b>) exhibited very strong anti-tuberculosis activity towards <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> with the prominent MIC₅₀ values of <0.03, 2.41 and 0.894 μM, respectively, which was here reported for the first time. Meanwhile gliotoxin also displayed significant selective cytotoxicities against K562, A549 and Huh-7 cell lines with the IC₅₀ values of 0.191, 0.015 and 95.4 μM, respectively.</p