The language of religious affiliation: social, emotional, and cognitive differences

Religious affiliation is an important identifying characteristic for many individuals and relates to numerous life outcomes including health, well-being, policy positions, and cognitive style. Using methods from computational linguistics, we examined language from 12,815 Facebook users in the United States and United Kingdom who indicated their religious affiliation. Religious individuals used more positive emotion words (β = .278, p < .0001) and social themes such as family (β = .242, p < .0001), while nonreligious people expressed more negative emotions like anger (β = −.427, p < .0001) and categories related to cognitive processes, like tentativeness (β = −.153, p < .0001). Nonreligious individuals also used more themes related to the body (β = −.265, p < .0001) and death (β = −.247, p < .0001). The findings offer directions for future research on religious affiliation, specifically in terms of social, emotional, and cognitive differences

Flexible Polyimide Nanocomposites with dc Bias Induced Excellent Dielectric Tunability and Unique Nonpercolative Negative‑<i>k</i> toward Intrinsic Metamaterials

Intrinsic metamaterials with negative-<i>k</i> that originated from random-structured materials have drawn increasing attention. Currently, intrinsic negative-<i>k</i> was mainly achieved in percolative composites by tailoring the compositions and microstructures. Herein, plasmalike negative-<i>k</i> was successfully achieved in multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT)/polyimide (PI) nanocomposites via applying external dc bias which exhibited excellent capability in conveniently and accurately adjusting negative-<i>k</i>. Mechanism analysis indicated that the localized charges at the interfaces between MWCNT and PI became delocalized after gaining energy from the dc bias, resulting in elevated concentration of delocalized charges, and hence the enhanced negative-<i>k</i>. Furthermore, it is surprising to observe that negative-<i>k</i> also appeared in multilayer nanocomposites consisting of alternating BaTiO₃/PI and PI layers, in which there was no percolative conducting network. On the basis of systematic analysis, it is proposed that the unique nonpercolative negative-<i>k</i> resulted from the mutual competition between plasma oscillations of delocalized charges and polarizations of localized charges. Negative-<i>k</i> appeared once the polarizations were overwhelmed by plasma oscillations. This work demonstrated that applying dc bias is a promising way to achieve highly tailorable negative-<i>k</i>. Meanwhile, the observation of unique nonpercolative negative-<i>k</i> and the clarification of underlying mechanisms offer new insights into negative-<i>k</i> metamaterials, which will greatly facilitate the exploration of high-performance electromagnetic metamaterials

Additional file 7: Figure S5. of Analysis of Pvama1 genes from China-Myanmar border reveals little regional genetic differentiation of Plasmodium vivax populations

Location of current study detected SNPs in the predicted B-cell epitopes and IURs in PvAMA1. Predictions of B-cell epitopes and IURs were performed by using ABCpred and RONN server, respectively. The cysteine residues have been shown in red bold. DI = 94–247 aa; DII = 265–363 aa; DIII = 388–451 aa; SNPs in the current study were marked in grey shadow; underlined shows B-cell epitopes; Bold overbars show IURs. (TIF 323 kb

Data_Sheet_1_The Dipeptide Pro-Gly Promotes IGF-1 Expression and Secretion in HepG2 and Female Mice via PepT1-JAK2/STAT5 Pathway.docx

<p>It has been shown that IGF-1 secretion is influenced by dietary protein or amino acid. However, whether the dipeptides elicit regulatory effects on IGF-1 secretion remains largely unclear. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of the dipeptide Pro-Gly on IGF-1 expression and secretion in HepG2 cells and mice, and explore the underlying mechanisms. The in vitro results indicated that Pro-Gly, but not Pro plus Gly, promoted the expression and secretion of IGF-1 in HepG2. Meanwhile, the expression of the peptide transporter 1 (PepT1) was elevated by Pro-Gly, whereas knockdown of PepT1 with siRNA eliminated the increase of IGF-1 expression induced by Pro-Gly. In addition, Pro-Gly activated JAK2/STAT5 signaling pathway in a PepT1-dependent manner. Furthermore, Pro-Gly enhanced the interaction between JAK2 and STAT5, and the translocation of phospho-STAT5 to nuclei. Moreover, inhibition of JAK2/STAT5 blocked the promotive effect of Pro-Gly on IGF-1 expression and secretion. In agreement with the in vitro results, the in vivo findings demonstrated that Pro-Gly, but not Pro plus Gly, stimulated the expression and secretion of IGF-1 and activated JAK2/STAT5 signaling pathway in the liver of mice injected with Pro-Gly or Pro+Gly acutely or chronically. Besides, acute injection of JAK2/STAT5 inhibitor abolished the elevation of IGF-1 expression and secretion induced by Pro-Gly in mice. Collectively, these findings suggested that the dipeptide Pro-Gly promoted IGF-1 expression and secretion in HepG2 cells and mice by activating JAK2/STAT5 signaling pathway through PepT1. These data provided new insights to the regulation of IGF-1 expression and secretion by the dipeptides.</p

Additional file 2: Figure S1. of Analysis of Pvama1 genes from China-Myanmar border reveals little regional genetic differentiation of Plasmodium vivax populations

Alignment of P. falciparum, P. vivax, and P. cynomolgi AMA1 protein sequences. P. falciparum 3D7 (PlasmoDB ID: PF3D7_1133400), P. vivax Sal-I (GenBank access no. AF063138) and P. cynomolgi (GenBank access no. X86099) were aligned using MUltiple Sequence Comparison by Log-Expectation (MUSCLE, http://www.ebi.ac.uk/Tools/mas/muscle/ ). Gaps are indicating by dashes. Conserved amino acids among the three analyzed strains are marked by asterisks. Red bold types indicate conserved cysteine residues that divide the ectodomain of AMA1. Domains I-III is shown in grey, green and yellow color, respectively. Boxes indicate c1, c2, and c3 clusters. The c1L cluster region is marked with underlines. Light blue bold type indicates residues that are polymorphic in P. vivax of China-Myanmar border isolates. (TIF 2305 kb

Lauric Acid Accelerates Glycolytic Muscle Fiber Formation through TLR4 Signaling

Lauric acid (LA), which is the primary fatty acid in coconut oil, was reported to have many metabolic benefits. TLR4 is a common receptor of lipopolysaccharides and involved mainly in inflammation responses. Here, we focused on the effects of LA on skeletal muscle fiber types and metabolism. We found that 200 μM LA treatment in C2C12 or dietary supplementation of 1% LA increased MHCIIb protein expression and the proportion of type IIb muscle fibers from 0.452 ± 0.0165 to 0.572 ± 0.0153, increasing the mRNA expression of genes involved in glycolysis, such as HK2 and LDH2 (from 1.00 ± 0.110 to 1.35 ± 0.0843 and from 1.00 ± 0.123 to 1.71 ± 0.302 <i>in vivo</i>, respectively), decreasing the catalytic activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and transforming lactic acid to pyruvic acid. Furthermore, LA activated TLR4 signaling, and TLR4 knockdown reversed the effect of LA on muscle fiber type and glycolysis. Thus, we inferred that LA promoted glycolytic fiber formation through TLR4 signaling

Boron-Doped Graphite for High Work Function Carbon Electrode in Printable Hole-Conductor-Free Mesoscopic Perovskite Solar Cells

Work function of carbon electrodes is critical in obtaining high open-circuit voltage as well as high device performance for carbon-based perovskite solar cells. Herein, we propose a novel strategy to upshift work function of carbon electrode by incorporating boron atom into graphite lattice and employ it in printable hole-conductor-free mesoscopic perovskite solar cells. The high-work-function boron-doped carbon electrode facilitates hole extraction from perovskite as verified by photoluminescence. Meanwhile, the carbon electrode is endowed with an improved conductivity because of a higher graphitization carbon of boron-doped graphite. These advantages of the boron-doped carbon electrode result in a low charge transfer resistance at carbon/perovskite interface and an extended carrier recombination lifetime. Together with the merit of both high work function and conductivity, the power conversion efficiency of hole-conductor-free mesoscopic perovskite solar cells is increased from 12.4% for the pristine graphite electrode-based cells to 13.6% for the boron-doped graphite electrode-based cells with an enhanced open-circuit voltage and fill factor

Map of lentiviral vector.

<p>Map of lentiviral vector.</p

RT-PCR amplification of a specific fragment of the lentiviral vector after incubation with sperm cells.

<p>Lane M: DNA Ladder DL2000 (2000, 1000, 750, 500, 250 and 100 bp from top to bottom). Lane 1: Negative control with H₂O as template. Lane 2: Negative control with total RNA extracted from sperm alone as template, both of which showed no PCR products. Lanes 3–6: Specific PCR products were detected in sperm samples incubated with lentiviral particles for 2, 4, 6 and 8 h, respectively.</p

Identification of transgenic pigs by Southern blot analysis.

<p>Southern blot was performed under optimized condition with a Dig-lableled probe of 649 bp fragment. Samples in lanes 1 and 2 are from PCR-positive the founder No. 18 and No. 41, respectively, lanes 3–8 are their offsprings; The specific hybridization signal was detected in Lanes 1, 2, 4, 9; lanes 3, 5, 6, 7, 8 are negative, respectively; lane 10 is wild type control; lane 11 is positive controls (The plasmid pLV-siRNA); M is DNA Molecular Weight VII (DIG-labeled Roche).</p