Table_1_The impact of patient-reported visual disturbance on dynamic visual acuity in myopic patients after corneal refractive surgery.DOCX

PurposeTo investigate the impact of patient-reported visual disturbance on dynamic visual acuity in myopic patients after corneal refractive surgery.MethodsThis is a prospective nonrandomized study. Adult myopic patients receiving bilateral laser-assisted sub-epithelial keratomileusis (LASEK), femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK), or small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) with Plano target were included. Eight types of patient-reported visual disturbance were evaluated regarding frequency, severity and bothersome and dynamic visual acuity (DVA) of 40 and 80 degrees per second (dps) was measured postoperatively at 3 months.ResultsThe study enrolled 95 patients with an average age of 27.6 ± 6.4 years. The most frequently reported visual disturbance was the fluctuation in vision (70.5%), followed by glare (66.3%) and halo (57.4%). Postoperative DVA at 80 dps was significantly associated with the total score of haloes (p = 0.038) and difficulty in judging distance (p = 0.046). Significant worse postoperative DVA at 40 dps was observed in patients with haloes than those without (p = 0.024). The DVA at 80 dps for patients without haloes or difficulty in judging distance was significantly better than that with the symptoms (haloes, p = 0.047; difficulty in judging distance, p = 0.029). Subgroup analysis by surgical procedures demonstrated that the significant difference in DVA between patients with and without visual disturbance was only observed in patients receiving FS-LASIK.ConclusionPostoperatively, myopic patients undergoing corneal refractive surgery with haloes or difficulty in judging distance have significantly worse low and high-speed DVA than those without the symptoms. The present study provided the basis for postoperative guidance in daily tasks involving dynamic vision when patients have visual disturbances.</p

Landscape convert matrix in Beijing-Tianjin region from 1990 to 2000.

Landscape convert matrix in Beijing-Tianjin region from 1990 to 2000.</p

Changes in landscape pattern indices at the class level in the Beijing-Tianjin region.

Changes in landscape pattern indices at the class level in the Beijing-Tianjin region.</p

Landscape pattern indices used in the study [72].

Understanding the evolution of rural landscapes in metropolises during rapid urbanization is crucial for formulating policies to protect the rural ecological environment. In this study, remote sensing and geographical information system data, as well as applied landscape index analysis, are used to examine the spatiotemporal evolution of rural landscape patterns in the Beijing-Tianjin region of China, which has experienced rapid urbanization. The relationships between land use/land cover changes and changes in rural landscape patterns are explored. The results revealed significant spatial differences in the rural landscapes in the Beijing-Tianjin region; farmland and forestland were the main types of landscapes, creating a "mountain-field-sea" natural landscape pattern. The conversion of rural landscapes in the Beijing-Tianjin region involved mainly the conversion of farmland to urban areas, with few exchanges between other landscape types. The urban areas in the Beijing-Tianjin region increased by 3% per decade; farmland decreased at the same rate. Additionally, the rural landscape patterns in the Beijing-Tianjin region were dominated by fragmentation, dispersion, and heterogeneity and moved from complex to regular. Water bodies displayed the most fragmented natural landscape; their number of patches increased by 36%, though their network characteristics were maintained. Forestland was the most concentrated natural landscape. In this study, theoretical support and a scientific reference for the optimization of rural landscape patterns and the improvement in rural living environments in rapidly urbanizing areas are provided.</div

Changes in landscape pattern indices in the Beijing-Tianjin region from 1980 to 2018.

Changes in landscape pattern indices in the Beijing-Tianjin region from 1980 to 2018.</p

Landscape indices of various landscapes in the Beijing-Tianjin region in 2018 at the class level.

Landscape indices of various landscapes in the Beijing-Tianjin region in 2018 at the class level.</p

Landscape convert matrix in Beijing-Tianjin region from 1980 to 1990.

Landscape convert matrix in Beijing-Tianjin region from 1980 to 1990.</p

Geographical overview of the study area.

The map on the left shows the location of the study area. The map on the right represents the digital elevation model (DEM) of the study area.</p

Distribution map of rural landscapes in the Beijing-Tianjin region from 1980 to 2018.

Distribution map of rural landscapes in the Beijing-Tianjin region from 1980 to 2018.</p

Area of various rural landscape types in Beijing and Tianjin from 1980 to 2018.

Area of various rural landscape types in Beijing and Tianjin from 1980 to 2018.</p