Lay intuitions about overall evaluations of experiences

Previous research has identified important determinants of overall evaluations for experiences lived across time. By means of a novel guessing task, I study what decision-makers themselves consider important. As Informants, some participants live and evaluate an experience. As Guessers, others have to infer its overall evaluation by asking Informants questions. I rewarded accurate inferences, and analyzed and classified the questions in four experiments involving auditory, gustatory and viewing experiences. Results show that Guessers thought of overall evaluations as reflecting average momentary impressions. Moreover and alternatively, they tended to consider the personality and attitudes of the experiencing person, experience-specific holistic judgments and behavioral intentions regarding the experience. Thus, according to lay intuitions, overall evaluations are more than a reflection of the experience’s momentary impressions

DataSheet_1_Surgical outcomes of endoscopic thyroidectomy approaches for thyroid cancer: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.pdf

ObjectivesThis network meta-analysis assesses the outcomes of seven endoscopic approaches, offering valuable insights for researchers and practitioners in choosing the best method for thyroid cancer patients.MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted in the PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases up to March 2023. The analysis included seven endoscopic approaches, with a focus on their respective outcomes through network meta-analysis.ResultsThis meta-analysis included 44 studies involving 8,672 patients. The axillo-bilateral breast approach (ABBA) and unilateral axillo-breast approach (UABA) showed advantages in terms of reduced operative time compared to other approaches (MD = 19.66 minutes, 95% CI = -31.66 to 70.98; MD = 30.32 minutes, 95% CI = -1.45 to 62.09, respectively). The UABA and anterior chest approach (ACA) exhibited superiority in controlling intraoperative bleeding (MD = -3.37 mL, 95% CI = -22.58 to 15.85; MD = -13.77 mL, 95% CI = -28.85 1.31, respectively). UABA and ACA also showed advantages in reducing hospital stays (MD = -0.39 days, 95% CI = -1.48 to 0.71; MD = -0.26 days, 95% CI = -1.33 to 0.81, respectively). The transoral approach (OA) yielded results comparable to those of conventional open thyroidectomy (COT) and outperformed other endoscopic surgeries with regards to lymph node retrieval and metastatic lymph node assessment. For the stimulated serum thyroglobulin (TG) levels, no significant difference was observed between bilateral axillo-breast approach (BABA) and OA compared to COT. However, chest-breast approach (CBA) showed significantly lower levels than COT (MD=-0.40 ng/ml, 95% CI =-0.72 to -0.09). Patients in the gasless unilateral transaxillary approach (GUA) group experienced a significant improvement in cosmetic satisfaction (MD=-2.08, 95% CI =-3.35 to -0.82). Importantly, no significant difference was observed in the incidence of surgical complications between endoscopic thyroidectomy and COT.ConclusionEndoscopic thyroid surgery is a safe and effective choice for thyroid cancer patients. Different approaches have their advantages, allowing personalized selection based on the patient’s needs. ABBA and UABA have shorter operative times, while UABA and ACA excel at controlling bleeding and shortening hospital stays. OA shows promise for lymph node assessment. These findings contribute to the growing evidence supporting endoscopic methods, expanding treatment options for thyroid cancer patients.</p

DataSheet_1_Cinacalcet use in secondary hyperparathyroidism: a machine learning-based systematic review.pdf

IntroductionThis study aimed to systematically review research on cinacalcet and secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) using machine learning-based statistical analyses.MethodsPublications indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection database on Cinacalcet and SHPT published between 2000 and 2022 were retrieved. The R package “Bibliometrix,” VOSviewer, CiteSpace, meta, and latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) in Python were used to generate bibliometric and meta-analytical results.ResultsA total of 959 articles were included in our bibliometric analysis. In total, 3753 scholars from 54 countries contributed to this field of research. The United States, Japan, and China were found to be among the three most productive countries worldwide. Three Japanese institutions (Showa University, Tokai University, and Kobe University) published the most articles on Cinacalcet and SHPT. Fukagawa, M.; Chertow, G.M.; Goodman W.G. were the three authors who published the most articles in this field. Most articles were published in Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, Kidney International, and Therapeutic Apheresis and Dialysis. Research on Cinacalcet and SHPT has mainly included three topics: 1) comparative effects of various treatments, 2) the safety and efficacy of cinacalcet, and 3) fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23). Integrated treatments, cinacalcet use in pediatric chronic kidney disease, and new therapeutic targets are emerging research hotspots. Through a meta-analysis, we confirmed the effects of Cinacalcet on reducing serum PTH (SMD = -0.56, 95% CI = -0.76 to -0.37, p = 0.001) and calcium (SMD = -0.93, 95% CI = -1.21to -0.64, p = 0.001) and improving phosphate (SMD = 0.17, 95% CI = -0.33 to -0.01, p = 0.033) and calcium-phosphate product levels (SMD = -0.49, 95% CI = -0.71 to -0.28, p = 0.001); we found no difference in all-cause mortality (RR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.90 to 1.05, p = 0.47), cardiovascular mortality (RR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.36 to 1.31, p = 0.25), and parathyroidectomy (RR = 0.36, 95% CI = 0.09 to 1.35, p = 0.13) between the Cinacalcet and non-Cinacalcet users. Moreover, Cinacalcet was associated with an increased risk of nausea (RR = 2.29, 95% CI = 1.73 to 3.05, p = 0.001), hypocalcemia (RR = 4.05, 95% CI = 2.33 to 7.04, p = 0.001), and vomiting (RR = 1.90, 95% CI = 1.70 to 2.11, p = 0.001).DiscussionThe number of publications indexed to Cinacalcet and SHPT has increased rapidly over the past 22 years. Literature distribution, research topics, and emerging trends in publications on Cinacalcet and SHPT were analyzed using a machine learning-based bibliometric review. The findings of this meta-analysis provide valuable insights into the efficacy and safety of cinacalcet for the treatment of SHPT, which will be of interest to both clinical and researchers.</p

Invasive Versus Conservative Management of NSTEMI Patients Aged ≥ 75 Years

Abstract Background The efficiency of invasive management in older patients (≥75 years) with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) remains ambiguous. Objectives To assess the efficiency of invasive management in older patients with NSTEMI based on meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis (TSA). Methods Relevant randomized controlled trials (RCT) and observational studies were included. The primary outcomes were all-cause death, myocardial infarction, stroke, and major bleeding. Pooled odd ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. P </p

On the Physical Origin of Blue-Shifted Hydrogen Bonds

For blue-shifted hydrogen-bonded systems, the hydrogen stretching frequency increases rather than decreases on complexation. In computations at various levels of theory, the blue-shift in the archetypical system, F3C−H···FH, is reproduced at the Hartree−Fock level, indicating that electron correlation is not the primary cause. Calculations also demonstrate that a blue-shift does not require either a carbon center or the absence of a lone pair on the proton donor, because F3Si−H···OH2, F2NH···FH, F2PH···NH3, and F2PH···OH2 have substantial blue-shifts. Orbital interactions are shown to lengthen the X−H bond and lower its vibrational frequency, and thus cannot be the source of the blue-shift. In the F3CH···FH system, the charge redistribution in F3CH can be reproduced very well by replacing the FH with a simple dipole, which suggests that the interactions are predominantly electrostatic. When modeled with a point charge for the proton acceptor, attractive electrostatic interactions elongate the F3C−H, while repulsive interactions shorten it. At the equilibrium geometry of a hydrogen-bonded complex, the electrostatic attraction between the dipole moments of the proton donor and proton acceptor must be balanced by the Pauli repulsion between the two fragments. In the absence of orbital interactions that cause bond elongation, this repulsive interaction leads to compression of the X−H bond and a blue-shift in its vibrational frequency

Computational Studies of the Electronic Structures of Copper-Doped CdSe Nanocrystals: Oxidation States, Jahn–Teller Distortions, Vibronic Bandshapes, and Singlet–Triplet Splittings

The electronic structures of copper-doped CdSe nanocrystals (NCs) are investigated using time-dependent density functional theory. Comparison of the electronic structures of Cu+- and Cu2+-doped NCs indicates that only the Cu+ ground state is consistent with the experimental absorption and photoluminescence (PL) spectra of copper-doped NCs, Cu2+-doped NCs being characterized by low-energy charge-transfer and d–d excited states that quench visible PL. In the luminescent metal-to-conduction-band charge-transfer (MLCBCT) excited state of the Cu+-doped CdSe NCs, the photogenerated hole is calculated to be localized at the copper dopant. Strong electron–phonon coupling in this MLCBCT excited state causes substantial geometric distortion along totally symmetric and Jahn–Teller nuclear coordinates, with a correspondingly large excited-state nuclear reorganization energy. This excited-state nuclear reorganization causes the broad PL band shape and large PL Stokes shift observed experimentally. Singlet and triplet MLCBCT excited-state configurations are also examined computationally. The sign and strength of the computed magnetic exchange coupling between the conduction-band electron’s spin and the copper-localized spin are both consistent with experimental results. These calculations yield fundamental insights into the electronic structures and photophysical properties of copper-doped semiconductor NCs relevant to their potential application as spectral conversion phosphors in lighting and solar technologies

Nature of the Ultrafast Interligands Electron Transfers in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Charge-transfer dynamics and interligand electron transfer (ILET) phenomena play a pivotal role in dye-sensitizers, mostly represented by the Ru-based polypyridyl complexes, for TiO2 and ZnO-based solar cells. Starting from metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) excited states, charge dynamics and ILET can influence the overall device efficiency. In this letter, we focus on N34– dye ( [Ru(dcbpy)2(NCS)2]4–, dcbpy = 4,4′-dicarboxy-2,2′-bipyridine) to provide a first direct observation with high time resolution (<20 fs) of the ultrafast electron exchange between bpy-like ligands. ILET is observed in water solution after photoexcitation in the ∼400 nm MLCT band, and assessment of its ultrafast time-scale is here given through a real-time electronic dynamics simulation on the basis of state-of-the-art electronic structure methods. Indirect effects of water at finite temperature are also disentangled by investigating the system in a symmetric gas-phase structure. As main result, remarkably, the ILET mechanism appears to be based upon a purely electronic evolution among the dense, experimentally accessible, MLCT excited states manifold at ∼400 nm, which rules out nuclear–electronic couplings and proves further the importance of the dense electronic manifold in improving the efficiency of dye sensitizers in solar cell devices

Ferromagnetism in p-Type Manganese-Doped Zinc Oxide Quantum Dots

The magnetic exchange interactions between paramagnetic Mn²⁺ dopants in the presence of a N^2– p-type defect in zinc oxide quantum dots are studied using density functional theory. Spin-dependent delocalization of the N^2– 2p acceptor level among the nearest-neighbor Mn²⁺ dopants is observed. The calculations show that parallel Mn²⁺ spin alignment is favored upon the formation of a nitrogen-bridged Mn–Mn dimer. Although the effect is short-ranged, the observed magnitude of stabilization of the ferromagnetic alignment of nearest-neighbor Mn²⁺ spins arises from p–d exchange and suggests p-type Mn²⁺-doped ZnO quantum dots as excellent candidates for exhibiting room-temperature ferromagnetism. Analytical expressions are derived and supported by density functional theory calculations that show that the N^2– concentration has a stronger influence on the magnetic splitting compared with that of the Mn²⁺ concentration

Accelerating Real-Time Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory with a Nonrecursive Chebyshev Expansion of the Quantum Propagator

Solutions of the real-time time-dependent density functional theory (RT-TDDFT) equations provide an affordable route to understanding the electronic dynamics that underpins many spectroscopic techniques. From the solutions of the RT-TDDFT equations, it is possible to extract optical absorption and circular dichroism spectra, as well as descriptions of charge transfer and charge transport dynamics. In order to apply RT-TDDFT to increasingly large systems, it is necessary to develop methods to overcome computational bottlenecks. One current bottleneck is the O(N3) cost required to form the time propagator for the RT-TDDFT equations, because of the full matrix diagonalization that is required at each time step. Here, we present a (semi)­diagonalization-free formation of the propagator based on a nonrecursive Chebyshev polynomial expansion. The Chebyshev expansion relies only on matrix multiply operations which have lower computational cost and are furthermore extremely parallelizable. We demonstrate the accuracy and stability of the Chebyshev approach, and then discuss the favorable scaling of the method, compared to traditional approaches based on matrix diagonalization. The Chebyshev expansion method should enable the application of RT-TDDFT methods to large systems such as nanocrystals and biomolecules