Phantom images with the dotted rectangles as imaging region-of-interest.

<p>(a) The NEMA-IQ phantom is about cm in size, including four hot lesions (10 mm, 13 mm, 17 mm and 22 mm in diameter) and two cold lesions (28 mm and 37 mm in diameter). The region-of-interest size is cm. (b) The Zubal abdomen phantom is about cm in size. The region-of-interest size is cm.</p

Reconstructed images of Zubal abdomen phantom obtained from TOF-PET data with different timing resolutions.

<p>The circle shows the low uptake lesion inside the liver. Note that only the structures inside the ROI are displayed.</p

Sampled intensity profiles of the reconstructed image shown in Figure 5.

<p>The sample lines in (a) show the locations of the profiles.</p

Event discrimination in data acquisition.

<p> indicates the arrival time difference of two photons, is the speed of light, is the distance between the annihilation position and the midpoint of line-of-response.</p

Measurable time differences distribution in conventional (a) and region-of-interest imaging (b).

<p>The distribution was assumed as a Gaussian function with full width at half maximum determined by the system timing resolution.</p

Reconstructed images of NEMA-IQ phantom obtained from TOF-PET data with different timing resolutions.

<p>Note that only the structures inside the ROI are displayed.</p

Contrast recovery coefficients versus iteration number for the TOF-PET data with different timing resolutions.

<p>To avoid misleading impacts introduced by artifacts and distortions on contrast recovery coefficient values, only image results for 100–400 ps full width at half maximum TOF-PET data were analyzed here.</p

Sampled intensity profiles for NEMA-IQ phantom obtained from TOF-PET data with different TRs.

<p>The profiles were obtained from the reconstructed images shown in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0072109#pone-0072109-g007" target="_blank">Figure 7</a>.</p

Insoluble Organics as Electron-Transporting Materials Enabled by Solvothermal Technology for Solution-Processable Perovskite Solar Cells

Introducing electron transport materials (ETMs) into perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has opened up a new avenue to improve device efficiency. However, the most commonly used method of introducing ETMs still relies on a high-vacuum process due to their poor solubility, which prevents the application of ETMs in full solution-processable PSCs. Here, solvothermal technology is employed to treat the insoluble perylene diimide (PDI) molecule, giving the typical n-type organic semiconductor its soluble properties. The as-obtained products (PDI-CDs) as ETMs not only are suitable for the preparation of solution-processable PSCs but also have matched energy levels with adjacent components in the device. The appearance of oxygen-containing functional groups enables PDI-CDs to chelate uncoordinated Pb, suppressing interfacial recombination and improving efficiency by passivating the surface defects of perovskite crystals. The all-air processed carbon-based PSCs modified with PDI-CDs achieved a respectable power conversion efficiency of 11.90%

Plasma miR and troponin I levels from 29 patients undergoing on-pump CABG (Step I).

<p>(A–C) Mean concentrations of circulating miRs expressed as the fold increase (2^−ΔΔCt scale) relative to those at the preoperative time point. On average, miR-499, miR-133a, and miR-133b exhibited a 20- to 70-fold increase in plasma samples collected 1 h and 3 h after declamping, respectively. At 48 h after declamping, the values were back to levels comparable to those in the preoperative control. (D–F) Comparison of miRs and cTnI levels in the same plasma samples showing that miR-499, miR-133a and miR-133b peaked earlier than cTnI. (*P<0.01; ^$P<0.05 vs. control) (G–I) Correlations between the maximum levels of miRs and cTnI. MiR-499 (G), miR-133a (H) and miR-133b (I) correlated significantly with cTnI levels (respectively P<0.001; P<0.01 and P<0.05).</p