Multiple linear regression with compositional response and covariates

<p>The standard regression model designed for real space is not suitable for compositional variables; it should be considered, whether the response and/or covariates are of compositional nature. There are usually three types of multiple regression model with compositional variables: Type 1 refers to the case where all the covariates are compositional data and the response is real; Type 2 is the opposite of Type 1; Type 3 relates to the model with compositional response and covariates. There have been some models for the three types. In this paper, we focus on Type 3 and propose multiple linear regression models including model in the simplex and model in isometric log-ratio (ilr) coordinates. The model in the simplex is based on matrix product, which can project a <math><msub><mi>D</mi><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub></math>-part composition to another <math><msub><mi>D</mi><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math>-part composition, and can deal with different number of parts of compositional variables. Some theorems are given to point out the relationship of parameters between the proposed models. Moreover, the inference for parameters in proposed models is also given. Real example is studied to verify the validity and usefulness of proposed models.</p

Palladium(II)−N-Heterocyclic Carbene Metallacrown Ether Complexes: Synthesis, Structure, and Catalytic Activity in the Suzuki−Miyaura Reaction

Pd(II)−N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) metallacrown ether complexes have been synthesized for the first time. Reaction of bis(imidazolium) salts with a long polyether chain with Ag2O afforded silver−NHC complexes [Ag2(L)Cl2] 5, which reacted as carbene transfer reagents with palladium salts to give Pd(II)−NHC metallacrown ether complexes 6a,b. The Ag(I)−NHC complex 5b possesses a one-dimensional chain configuration by each Ag(I) center coordinated to one carbene and two bridging chlorides. Each of Pd(II)−NHC metallacrown ether complexes 6a,b contains a 25-membered macrocyclic NHC metallacrown ether formed by a bidentate chelate bis(carbene) ligand with a long flexible linkage and a Pd(II). The coordination geometry on the Pd(II) is approximately square planar. Pd(II)−NHC metallacrown ether complexes 6a and 6b have been shown to be highly effective in the Suzuki−Miyaura reactions of a variety of aryl bromides in neat water without the need of inert gas protection

Additional file 4 of TeaPVs: a comprehensive genomic variation database for tea plant (Camellia sinensis)

Additional file 4: Fig. S1. Statistics of SNPs, genomic SSRs and SVs in the F1 population. Fig. S1A represents the number of SNPs identified in each sample of the F1 population; Fig. S1B and Fig. S1C represent the number of SSRs and SVs identified in the corresponding genome, respectively

Additional file 1 of TeaPVs: a comprehensive genomic variation database for tea plant (Camellia sinensis)

Additional file 1: Table. S1. Resequencing samples and their corresponding numbers

Palladium(II)−N-Heterocyclic Carbene Metallacrown Ether Complexes: Synthesis, Structure, and Catalytic Activity in the Suzuki−Miyaura Reaction

Pd(II)−N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) metallacrown ether complexes have been synthesized for the first time. Reaction of bis(imidazolium) salts with a long polyether chain with Ag2O afforded silver−NHC complexes [Ag2(L)Cl2] 5, which reacted as carbene transfer reagents with palladium salts to give Pd(II)−NHC metallacrown ether complexes 6a,b. The Ag(I)−NHC complex 5b possesses a one-dimensional chain configuration by each Ag(I) center coordinated to one carbene and two bridging chlorides. Each of Pd(II)−NHC metallacrown ether complexes 6a,b contains a 25-membered macrocyclic NHC metallacrown ether formed by a bidentate chelate bis(carbene) ligand with a long flexible linkage and a Pd(II). The coordination geometry on the Pd(II) is approximately square planar. Pd(II)−NHC metallacrown ether complexes 6a and 6b have been shown to be highly effective in the Suzuki−Miyaura reactions of a variety of aryl bromides in neat water without the need of inert gas protection

The Alleviation of Perceptual Blindness During Driving in Urban Areas Guided by Saccades Recommendation

In advanced industrial applications, computational visual attention models (CVAMs) could predict visual attention very similarly to actual human attention allocation. This has been used as a very important component of technology inadvanced driver assistance systems (ADAS). Given that the biological inspiration of the driving-related CVAMs could beobtained from skilled drivers in complex driving conditions, in which the driver’s attention is constantly directed at various salient and informative visual stimuli by alternating the eye fixations via saccades to drive safely, this paper proposes a saccade recommendation strategy to enhance the driving safety under urban road environment, particularly when the driver’s vision is often impaired by the visual crowding. The altered and directed saccades are collected and optimized by extracting four innate features from human dynamic vision. A neural network is designed to classify preferable saccades to reduce perceptual blindness due to visual crowding under urban scenes. A state-of-the-art CVAM is firstly adopted to localize the predicted eye fixation locations (EFLs) in driving video clips. Besides, human subjects’ gaze at the recommended EFLs is measured via an eye-tracker. The time delays between the predicted EFLs and drivers’ EFLs are analyzed under different driving conditions, followed by the time delays between the predicted EFLs and the driver’s hand control. The visually safe margin is then measured by mediating the driving speed and the total delay. Experimental results demonstrate that the recommended saccades can effectively reduce the amount of perceptual blindness, which is known to be of help to further improve road driving safety.</p

Palladium(II)−N-Heterocyclic Carbene Metallacrown Ether Complexes: Synthesis, Structure, and Catalytic Activity in the Suzuki−Miyaura Reaction

Pd(II)−N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) metallacrown ether complexes have been synthesized for the first time. Reaction of bis(imidazolium) salts with a long polyether chain with Ag2O afforded silver−NHC complexes [Ag2(L)Cl2] 5, which reacted as carbene transfer reagents with palladium salts to give Pd(II)−NHC metallacrown ether complexes 6a,b. The Ag(I)−NHC complex 5b possesses a one-dimensional chain configuration by each Ag(I) center coordinated to one carbene and two bridging chlorides. Each of Pd(II)−NHC metallacrown ether complexes 6a,b contains a 25-membered macrocyclic NHC metallacrown ether formed by a bidentate chelate bis(carbene) ligand with a long flexible linkage and a Pd(II). The coordination geometry on the Pd(II) is approximately square planar. Pd(II)−NHC metallacrown ether complexes 6a and 6b have been shown to be highly effective in the Suzuki−Miyaura reactions of a variety of aryl bromides in neat water without the need of inert gas protection

Palladium(II)−N-Heterocyclic Carbene Metallacrown Ether Complexes: Synthesis, Structure, and Catalytic Activity in the Suzuki−Miyaura Reaction

Pd(II)−N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) metallacrown ether complexes have been synthesized for the first time. Reaction of bis(imidazolium) salts with a long polyether chain with Ag2O afforded silver−NHC complexes [Ag2(L)Cl2] 5, which reacted as carbene transfer reagents with palladium salts to give Pd(II)−NHC metallacrown ether complexes 6a,b. The Ag(I)−NHC complex 5b possesses a one-dimensional chain configuration by each Ag(I) center coordinated to one carbene and two bridging chlorides. Each of Pd(II)−NHC metallacrown ether complexes 6a,b contains a 25-membered macrocyclic NHC metallacrown ether formed by a bidentate chelate bis(carbene) ligand with a long flexible linkage and a Pd(II). The coordination geometry on the Pd(II) is approximately square planar. Pd(II)−NHC metallacrown ether complexes 6a and 6b have been shown to be highly effective in the Suzuki−Miyaura reactions of a variety of aryl bromides in neat water without the need of inert gas protection

Roscovitine does not affect ERK1/2 activity in SCDH induced by CFA injection.

<p>a. Effects of roscovitine on the heat hyperalgesia compare to the DMSO treatment 2-way ANOVA with repeated measures followed by Bonferroni's multiple-comparison tests. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, n = 6. b. 100 µg roscovitine does not affect rat movement as detected by the inclined plane test before CFA administration, n = 6. c. Effects of roscovitine administration on ERK1/2 activity and p-Cdk5^S159 expression after CFA in the Western blot analysis. d and e. Quantification of the Western blot shows that roscovitine treatment does not affect ERK1/2 activity by CFA, **p<0.01, n = 3. f. Quantification of the Western blot shows that the increase of p-Cdk5^S159 by CFA is attenuated after roscovitine treatment, *p<0.05, **p<0.01, n = 3. g. Roscovitine treatment does not affect total-Cdk5 expression in spinal cord 1 d after CFA injection.</p

U0126 attenuates spontaneous nociceptive responses, the elevation of p-Cdk5^S159 and Cdk5 activity in SCDH induced by formalin administration.

<p>a. U0126 treatment significantly decreases the numbers of spontaneous flinches induced by formalin injection in the 2^nd phase (10–45 min), but not in the 1^st phase (0–10 min). Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA with repeated measures followed by Bonferroni's multiple-comparison tests. b. U0126 mitigates formalin-induced p-Cdk5 increase in spinal cord in the Western blot analysis. c. Quantification of the Western blot shows that the increase of p-Cdk5^S159 by formalin is attenuated after U0126 treatment, **p<0.01. d. U0126 mitigates formalin-induced Cdk5 kinase activity in spinal cord detected by an in vitro phosphorylation assay. Histone H1 was used as a substrate. e. Quantification of Cdk5 activity (density of phosphorylated H1 band) in the SCDH, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001.</p