Relationship Between Post-Exercise Changes in the Lens and Schlemm’s Canal: A Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography Study

Aim: To observe post-exercise changes in the lens and Schlemm’s canal (SC) in healthy individuals using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT). Methods: Thirty-five healthy, young individuals were recruited and performed aerobic exercise by jogging for 20 minutes. The SC area, SC perimeter, trabecular meshwork (TM) length, TM thickness, lens vault (LV), and lens thickness (LT) were assessed by SS-OCT before and after exercise. Results: Following aerobic exercise, SC area (4260.85 ± 1476.02 vs. 5158.24 ± 1527.42 μm2, p p p p = 0.004) increased significantly, while LV (−0.134 ± 0.198 vs. −0.195 ± 0.198 mm, p p = 0.801). Moreover, post-exercise changes in SC area were significantly associated with post-exercise changes in LV (β = −6487.83; p = 0.040). Conclusions: Aerobic exercise induces both backward axial displacement of the lens and SC expansion. This backward axial displacement of the lens could be an important causative factor of the post-exercise SC expansion via the lens-zonular-ciliotrabecular vector and the connecting fibrils between ciliary body and SC.</p

Example of Schlemm’s Canal and Trabecular Meshwork Measurements Made Using the iUltrasound Imaging System.

<p>The black oval space shows Schelmm’s canal (SC). The meridional diameter of SC was measured from the anterior (a) to the posterior (b) end point of SC. To measure the coronal diameter of SC, we drew a vertical line across the canal to get two intersection points (c and d). The maximum distance between c and d was taken as the coronal diameter of SC. Lines 1, 2 indicated where trabecular meshwork thickness was measured and the dotted line shows the meshwork inner layer.</p

Mo₂CF₂/WS₂: Two-Dimensional Van Der Waals Heterostructure for Overall Water Splitting Photocatalyst from Five-Step Screening

With the increasing demand for renewable energy and clean energy, photocatalysis is considered an economical and feasible source of energy. In this work, we select two-dimensional (2D) materials of X2CT2 (X = Cr, Hf, Mo, Sc, Ti, Zr; T = Cl, F, O, OH), Mxene, and MS2 (M = Mo, W) to form 20 systems of 2D van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures. We establish five screening steps, and the 2D Mo2CF2/WS2 vdW heterostructures meet all the screening conditions. Mo2CF2/WS2 is a type II semiconductor with a band gap of 1.58 eV, proper band edge position and high solar-to-hydrogen efficiency (17.15%) and power conversion efficiency (23.4%). An excellent electron-hole recombination time of 21.2 ps and electron (hole) migration time of 149 (265) fs are obtained in the 2D Mo2CF2/WS2 vdW heterostructure. In addition, the calculation results of Gibbs free energy show that a hydrogen reduction reaction and water oxidation reaction can proceed smoothly under the driving of photogenerated holes

Correlations between Schlemm’s Canal Coronal Diameter, Trabecular Meshwork Thickness, and Intraocular Pressure.

<p>Schlemm’s canal coronal diameter and trabecular meshwork thickness were both significantly and negatively correlated with intraocular pressure in patients with primary open angle glaucoma.</p

An 80-MHz Ultrasound Biomicroscopy Image of Schlemm’s Canal and the Trabecular Meshwork in a Normal Individual.

<p>Schlemm’s canal (red arrow) and the trabecular (white arrow) are apparent in the image.</p

Schlemm’s Canal Meridional and Coronal Diameter and Trabecular Meshwork Thickness in Patients with Primary Open Angle Glaucoma.

<p>Schlemm’s canal (SC) and trabecular meshwork (TM) measurements for patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and normal IOP (< 21 mmHg) and patients with POAG and elevated IOP (> 21 mmHg). *indicates a statistically significant difference.</p

Design of Supported–Coated Structure Silicon/Carbon Composites Using Industrial Waste Micrometer-Sized Silicon for an Advanced Lithium-Ion Battery Anode

Silicon (Si) has garnered significant attention as an anode material for an advanced lithium-ion battery (LIB), but it remains challenging to design high-stability Si-based composites with low structural strain and high electrical conductivity. Here, we present a novel Si–carbon anode material (Si/G@TNS-60) derived from recycled wire-cutting polysilicon waste, featuring a unique structure with an internal anchoring load and an external wrapping of flexible two-dimensional (2D) material. The graphite (G) component serves as a conductive anchor carrier, enhancing electronic conductivity and preventing pulverization and electrical contact loss in Si particles. Additionally, the MXene (TNS) protective layer provides mechanical flexibility, isolates Si from direct contact with the electrolyte to reduce side reactions, improves ion and electron diffusion kinetics, and ensures structural stability. Consequently, the Si/G@TNS-60 electrode delivers improved initial coulombic efficiency (ICE, 78.8%), excellent rate performance with a capacity of 485.3 mAh g–1 at 2 C, and sustained durability over 500 cycles at 0.5 C with 83.5% capacity retention. The investigation into the reaction dynamics reveals the hybrid storage mechanism and rapid Li+ diffusion coefficient. Furthermore, ex situ scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrates a minimal volume change and maintains the integrity of the electrode structure. Impressively, the full cell based on the Si/G@TNS-60 anode prelithiated by chemical solution technology and LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 as the cathode shows a raised ICE of 88.5% and maintains excellent cycle stability. This work fundamentally puts forward a facile and effective structural engineering strategy, highlighting the promising application potential of wire-cutting polysilicon waste in advanced LIB technology

Additional file 3 of Integrated 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and fragmentation signatures as enhanced biomarkers in lung cancer

Additional file 3: Table S2: GREAT enrichment analysis result of different 3718 loci from cfDNA 5hmC data

Hydrophobic Polystyrene Passivation Layer for Simultaneously Improved Efficiency and Stability in Perovskite Solar Cells

The major restraint for the commercialization of the high-performance hybrid metal halide perovskite solar cells is the long-term stability, especially at the infirm interface between the perovskite film and organic charge-transfer layer. Recently, engineering the interface between the perovskite and spiro-OMeTAD becomes an effective strategy to simultaneously improve the efficiency and stability in the perovskite solar cells. In this work, we demonstrated that introducing an interfacial polystyrene layer between the perovskite film and spiro-OMeTAD layer can effectively improve the perovskite solar cells photovoltaic performance. The inserted polystyrene layer can passivate the interface traps and defects effectively and decrease the nonradiative recombination, leading to enhanced photoluminescence intensity and carrier lifetime, without compromising the carrier extraction and transfer. Under the optimized condition, the perovskite solar cells with the polystyrene layer achieve an enhanced average power efficiency of about 19.61% (20.46% of the best efficiency) from about 17.63% with negligible current density–voltage hysteresis. Moreover, the optimized perovskite solar cells with the hydrophobic polystyrene layer can maintain about 85% initial efficiency after 2 months storage in open air conditions without encapsulation

Additional file 2 of Integrated 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and fragmentation signatures as enhanced biomarkers in lung cancer

Additional file 2: Table S1: Mapping summary of cfDNA 5hmC sequencing data