Data_Sheet_1_Dietary vitamin E intake and risk of Parkinson's disease: a cross-sectional study.docx

ObjectiveCurrent evidence on the association between dietary vitamin E intake and the risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) is limited. The aim of the study was to explore the association of dietary vitamin E intake with PD in the United States among adults over 40 years.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study with data collected from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2009 to 2018. A total of the sample of 13,340 participants were included. To identify the different characteristics of the participants, we utilized propensity score matching (PSM) to reduce the effects of selection bias and confounding variables. Weighted univariate and multivariable logistic regression were used to examine the association between dietary vitamin E intake and PD before and after matching. Then, restricted cubic spline (RCS) was used to visually describe the possible non-linear relationships. Finally, we employed the subgroup analysis to further investigate the relationship between dietary vitamin E intake and PD.ResultsAccording to the weighted univariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis, vitamin E intake was inversely associated with the risk of PD before and after matching. The results of RCS analysis revealed no non-linear inverse relationship between vitamin E intake and PD before and after matching. The subgroup analysis showed that age may influence the negative association between vitamin E and PD (P ConclusionAmong participants over 40 years of age, vitamin E intake was negatively associated with the risk of PD. Our data may support the supplementation of vitamin E to be used as an intervention strategy for the occurrence of PD.</p

Data_Sheet_1_Effect of acupuncture for non-motor symptoms in patients with Parkinson’s disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.doc

BackgroundAlthough non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD) are serious, effective treatments are still lacking. Acupuncture may have clinical benefits for non-motor symptoms of PD patients, but high-quality evidence supporting this possibility is still limited. Hence, we conducted this meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of acupuncture treatment on non-motor symptoms in patients with PD.MethodsRandomized controlled trials (RCTs) of acupuncture treatment for PD were retrieved from the following electronic databases: Medline (OVID), Embase (OVID), Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese BioMedical Literature Database, Chonqing VIP (CQVIP), and Wangfang database. Studies evaluating non-motor symptoms of PD were retrieved. Methodological quality was assessed using the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions.ResultsA total of 27 RCTs were included, among which 8 outcomes related to non-motor symptoms were evaluated. The results showed that acupuncture combined with medication had benefits for PD-related insomnia relative to medication alone or sham acupuncture [standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.517; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.242–0.793; p = 0.000], and acupuncture treatment had benefits at 8 weeks (SMD = 0.519; 95% CI = 0.181–0.857; p = 0.003). Regarding depression, acupuncture treatment was more effective (SMD = −0.353; 95% CI = −0.669 to −0.037; p = 0.029) within 2 months (SMD = −0.671; 95% CI = −1.332 to −0.011; p = 0.046). Regarding cognition, quality of life, and Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) I and II scores, acupuncture treatment was effective [SMD = 0.878, 95% CI = 0.046–1.711, p = 0.039; SMD = −0.690, 95% CI = −1.226 to −0.155, p = 0.011; weighted mean difference (WMD) = −1.536, 95% CI = −2.201 to −0.871, p = 0.000; WMD = −2.071, 95% CI = −3.792 to −0.351, p = 0.018; respectively]. A significant difference was not found in terms of PD-related constipation. Only one study evaluated PD-related fatigue.ConclusionThe results of the analysis suggested that acupuncture treatment could ameliorate the symptoms of depression, quality of life, cognition, total mentation, behavior and mood, and activities of daily living in PD patients. Nevertheless, more prospective, well-designed RCTs with larger sample sizes are required to confirm our findings.</p