Data_Sheet_1_Fine Mapping of Rice Specific MR1, a Gene Determines Palea Identity.PDF

The hull (palea and lemma) is the specific organ of grass florets. Although many genes related to the hull development have been cloned, the genetic mechanisms behind the development are still unclear, and the evolutionary relationship has different explanations and heated arguments between the palea and lemma. In this study, we found a specific mr1 mutant with a reduced palea, showing an enlarged mrp and degraded bop. Phenotype observations and molecular evidences showed that the bop was converted to the mrp-like organ. Our findings first reveal that the bop and mrp are homologous structures, and the palea and lemma are the same whorl floral organs. MR1 may prevent the transformation of the bop into mrp by regulating the expressions of hull identity genes. Meantime, the mr1 mutant showed altered grain size and grain quality, with defective physical and chemical contents. MR1 was controlled by a single recessive gene and was finally located on chromosome 1, with a physical distance of 70 kb. More work will be needed for confirming the target gene of MR1, which would contribute to our understanding of grain formation and the origin between the lemma, bop, and mrp.</p

Fluorous Phase-Enhanced Fluorescent Sensitivity for Enantioselective Recognition of Lysine

A novel fluorinated chiral dialdehyde (S,S)-1, prepared from (S,S)- or (R,R)-2,6-bis(1-hydroxyethyl)pyridine and 2-naphthol containing a highly fluorinated alkyl group, is found to show enantioselective and chemoselective fluorescent recognition of lysine in the fluorous phase. We discovered that the fluorous phase greatly enhances the fluorescent sensitivity and selectivity of the probe. Thus, the fluorous phase not only can allow the fluorescence measurement to be conducted away from common organic and aqueous media to minimize undesirable interference but also can provide a unique environment to greatly improve the selective fluorescent response

Cross-Linked Small-Molecule Micelle-Based Drug Delivery System: Concept, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation

Lessons from the covalent capture of small-molecule self-assemblies (monomer molecular weight of <500.0) are applied to grow a generic cross-linked small-molecule micelle-based drug delivery system (CSM-DDS), which has significant advantages over the popular polymeric micelle-based drug delivery systems in terms of drug loading, stability, monomer purity, and cost of preparation. A proof-of-concept CSM-DDS constructed by one-step synthesized amphiphile <b>1</b> with anticancer drug gemcitabine confirms the feasibility of the new strategy via its high drug loading content (up to 58%), robust stability, superior predictable biosafety, facile functionalization, and remarkable anticancer activity both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>

Rational Design of a Fluorescent Sensor to Simultaneously Determine Both the Enantiomeric Composition and the Concentration of Chiral Functional Amines

A fluorescent molecular probe, a 1,1′-bi-2-naphthol (BINOL)-based bis­(naphthylimine) compound (<i>R</i>)-<b>4</b>, is designed to exhibit very different fluorescent responses at two emission wavelengths toward a variety of chiral functional amines including diamines, amino alcohols, and amino acids. At one emission wavelength (λ₁), it shows high sensitivity toward the substrates, and at another wavelength (λ₂), it shows high enantioselectivity. This is the first rational design of such a dual responsive fluorescent sensor which can be used to simultaneously determine both the concentration and the enantiomeric composition of functional chiral amines by one fluorescent measurement. This strategy is potentially generally applicable for the construction of sensors for rapid assay of structurally diverse chiral substrates. When (<i>R</i>)-<b>4</b> is treated with various chiral functional amines in the presence of Zn­(OAc)₂, its 2-naphthylamine units are displaced off to show large fluorescent enhancement at λ₁ = 427 nm (<i>I</i>₁) due to the restored emission of 2-naphthylamine. The combination of the remaining chiral binaphthyl unit with the chiral substrates leads to highly enantioselective fluorescent enhancement at λ₂ > 500 nm (<i>I</i>₂). Since <i>I</i>₁ is only concentration dependent but independent of the chiral configuration, it allows the determination of the substrate concentration. The highly enantioselective <i>I</i>₂ allows the determination of the enantiomeric composition. Thus, using one fluorescent probe with one fluorescent measurement, both the concentration and the enantiomeric composition are determined. The dual responsive mechanism of (<i>R</i>)-<b>4</b> is studied by using various spectroscopic methods including fluorescence, UV–vis, NMR, and mass analyses

Iron-Catalyzed Direct Suzuki–Miyaura Reaction: Theoretical and Experimental Studies on the Mechanism and the Regioselectivity

The mechanism of the Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reaction between pyridine and phenylboronic acid catalyzed by the complex of iron salt combined with macrocyclic polyamine (iron–MCPA) was investigated theoretically and experimentally. It was found that the overall reaction includes three steps: C–H activation, transmetalation, and reductive elimination. The results indicate that the rate-determining step is the transmetalation step. The C–H activation of a different position on pyridine is the origin of the regioselectivity. The transmetalation step is the regio-determining step. Both the C–H activation and the transmetalation steps favor the regioselective formation of the ortho product. The oxoiron complex is predicted to be the active species theoretically and is confirmed by experiments. The calculations correctly reproduce the major product, 2-phenylpyridine, which is consistent with the experimental observation

Carbonized Polymer Dots with Aggregation-Induced Effect for Type I Photodynamic Therapy

Carbonized polymer dots (CPDs) have attracted great interest as a nanomaterial in biomedical applications, especially in imaging and photodynamic therapy (PDT). However, CPDs with an aggregation-induced effect for type I PDT has been rarely reported. In this work, N,N′-dimethylurea and citric acid were used as precursors to prepare CPDs (YCPDs) with aggregation-induced effect in one pot by the solvothermal method. The YCPDs have a yellow emission of 550 nm and a high quantum yield of 68%, which lays a solid foundation for cell imaging. In addition, YCPDs can produce •O2– under white light irradiation and obtain •OH through electron transfer or hydrogen atom abstraction. In vitro results show that YCPDs possess great cytocompatibility but exert severe cytotoxicity to HeLa cells with only 2% of cell viability when exposed to ultralow-power-intensity (2.5 mW/cm2) light irradiation. Therefore, YCPDs, as a promising type I PDT nanomaterial, have a great potential for cancer therapy

Comparable antigen-specific T cell responses in vaccinees with diverse humoral immune responses after primary and booster BBIBP-CorV vaccination

BBIBP-CorV exerts efficient protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, waning vaccine-induced humoral immune responses after two-dose vaccination has significantly undermined durable immuno-protection. In this study, we have demonstrated that although anti-spike (S) antibody responses in BBIBP-CorV vaccinees exhibited three serotypes after 6 months including de novo sero-negative, sero-positive and sero-decay features, S-specific interferon-γ release as well as Th1 cytokine production in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were comparable, especially in vaccinees without detectable neutralizing antibodies. Notably, regardless of dramatic increases in humoral immunity after booster vaccination, T cell responses targeting S protein from either wild type or Omicron remained stable before and after booster vaccination in all three serotype vaccinees. No severe cases were observed even in the sero-decay group during Omicron epidemic in Shanghai. Our results thus illustrate that unlike fluctuating humoral, responses viral-specific T cell responses are extremely stable after booster vaccination. Sustained T cell responses might be dedicated to rapid restore of antibody responses after booster vaccination.</p

Table_1_Association between dietary zinc intake and Helicobacter pylori seropositivity in US adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.docx

PurposeHelicobacter pylori infection is a well-established etiological factor for gastric inflammation and a significant risk factor for the development of gastric cancer. However, the precise relationship between dietary zinc intake and seropositivity for Helicobacter pylori remains uncertain.MethodsThis cross-sectional observational study utilized data from the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted between 1999 and 2000. The study cohort comprised 2,884 adults aged 20 years or older who provided comprehensive 24-h dietary recall data. The presence of Helicobacter pylori infection was confirmed using serum analysis and lgG protein enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Multivariable logistic regression models and generalized additive model (GAM) were employed to explore the potential association between dietary zinc intake and Helicobacter pylori seropositivity.ResultsAdditionally, subgroup analysis was performed to evaluate the robustness of the primary findings. Of the 1,281 participants, 47.8% were male and the average age was 49.5 years. In the fully adjusted model, a statistically significant inverse association between dietary zinc intake and Helicobacter pylori seropositivity was observed [quartile variable, Q4 vs. Q1, odds ratio (OR): 0.72, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.57–0.91, p = 0.007]. Furthermore, the relationship between dietary zinc intake and Helicobacter pylori seropositivity exhibited an L-shaped pattern, indicating a saturation effect. The results of sensitivity analysis remained consistent and reliable.ConclusionTherefore, this study suggests that higher dietary zinc intake may be associated with a lower prevalence of Helicobacter pylori seropositivity. Notably, this association follows an L-shaped pattern, with a threshold point estimated at 24.925 mg/day.</p

sj-docx-2-tak-10.1177_17539447241232774 – Supplemental material for Association between dietary calcium intake and severe abdominal aorta calcification among American adults: a cross-sectional analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Supplemental material, sj-docx-2-tak-10.1177_17539447241232774 for Association between dietary calcium intake and severe abdominal aorta calcification among American adults: a cross-sectional analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey by Kai Zhang, Fangming Gu, Yu Han, Tianyi Cai, Zhaoxuan Gu, Jianguo Chen, Bowen Chen, Min Gao, Zhengyan Hou, Xiaoqi Yu, JiaYu Zhao, Yafang Gao, Jinyu Xie, Rui Hu, Tianzhou Liu and Bo Li in Therapeutic Advances in Cardiovascular Disease</p