Synthesis of Cyclic Prodrugs of Aggrastat and Its Analogue with a Modified Phenylpropionic Acid Linker

The objective of this work was to synthesize cyclic prodrugs 1a and 1b from Aggrastat 2a and its analogue 2b, respectively, to improve their membrane permeation. Cyclic prodrugs 1a and 1b were formed using an ester bond between the -COOH group of Aggrastat or its analogue and the phenylpropionic acid linker 3 and an amide bond between the piperidinylamine and the -COOH group of the linker 3, respectively, as outlined in Scheme 4

Additional file 1: of Improved the expression level of active transglutaminase by directional increasing copy of mtg gene in Pichia pastoris

Figure S1.Three-dimensional structure of MTG (a) and pro-MTG (b) from S. mobaraesis as determined by PyMOL. The catalytic triad C64-D255-H274 was represented by light blue, red and dark blue, respectively. (TIF 275 kb

Additional file 5: of Improved the expression level of active transglutaminase by directional increasing copy of mtg gene in Pichia pastoris

Figure S5. Standard curves of gap and mtg gene. (DOCX 101 kb

Additional file 3: of Improved the expression level of active transglutaminase by directional increasing copy of mtg gene in Pichia pastoris

Figures S2, S3. Secondary structure diagram of mRNA of mtg and pro. Figure S2. The secondary structure diagram of mRNA of mtg-WT and mtg-Opt. Figure S3. The secondary structure diagram of mRNA of pro-WT and pro-Opt. (ZIP 93 kb

Additional file 4: of Improved the expression level of active transglutaminase by directional increasing copy of mtg gene in Pichia pastoris

Figure S4. The product of gene amplification of pro and mtg in GS115 (pro/ rDNA-mtg).1,3,5,7: pro was amplified by Fw-pro(P3) and Rv -pro (P4)primers; 2,4,6,8: mtg was amplified by Fw-mtg(P1) and 3’AOX primers; 9,10: negative controls; M: DNA Marker. (TIF 365 kb

Additional file 2: of Improved the expression level of active transglutaminase by directional increasing copy of mtg gene in Pichia pastoris

Sequences of mtg and pro genes. (DOCX 17 kb

Additional file 6: of Improved the expression level of active transglutaminase by directional increasing copy of mtg gene in Pichia pastoris

Table S1, Figure S3. Effect on expression and enzyme activity of mtg gene copies. Table S1. The MTG activity in different copy strains. Figure S6. Detection of protein expression in strains with different mtg copy by Western blotting. The protein (MTG) in 20 μl of culture supernatant were separated by Western blot analysis (anti-MTG). Lane 1–3: mtg-2c, lane 4–6: mtg-3c, lane 7–9: mtg-6c. (ZIP 48 kb

Electrochemical Behaviors of LiMn_1–<i>x</i>Fe_<i>x</i>PO₄/C Cathode Materials in an Aqueous Electrolyte with/without Dissolved Oxygen

Olivine LiMn_1–<i>x</i>Fe_<i>x</i>PO₄ (<i>x</i> = 0.5, 0.4, 0.3, 0.2) coated with carbon are prepared as the cathode materials for the aqueous rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (ARLBs). Li⁺ insertion-extraction behaviors of the as-prepared materials in LiNO₃ aqueous electrolyte with/without dissolved oxygen are studied by cyclic voltammograms (CVs) and electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS). The Li⁺ diffusion coefficient of LiMn_1–<i>x</i>Fe_<i>x</i>PO₄ in LiNO₃ aqueous electrolyte is first reported. The results indicate that eliminating the dissolved oxygen in the aqueous electrolyte could decrease the charge transfer-resistance and increase the Li⁺ diffusion coefficient of (LiMn_1–<i>x</i>Fe_<i>x</i>PO₄/C)//LiV₃O₈ ARLBs, which also improves the electrochemical properties of the ARLBs. The initial discharge specific capacity of LiMn_0.6Fe_0.4PO₄/C is 112 mA h g^–1 at 0.1 <i>C</i>-rate, which provides a new candidate cathode material for ARLBs

Unusual Designated-Tailoring on Zone-Axis Preferential Growth of Surfactant-Free ZnO Mesocrystals

An unusual designated-tailoring on zone-axis preferential growth of surfactant-free ZnO mesocrystals with different features (shapes and sizes) was successfully achieved via an additive-free complex-precursor solution method. The formation of ZnO mesocrystals here is essentially determined by the characteristic of [Zn­(OH)4]2– precursors, and an oriented nanoparicle aggregation with tailoring sizes and shapes can occur in different concentration of reactants at higher reaction temperature. Spindle-like ZnO mesocrystals with tunable sizes (along the c-axis direction) were synthesized by adjusting the concentration of hydroxyl ions, and peanut-like ZnO mesocrystals with controllable sizes (along the c-axis direction) and shapes (perpendicular c-axis direction) were prepared by tailoring the concentration of zinc ions. Structural and morphological evolutions were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The study is of great significance in bottom-up assembly of controllable ordering architectures, and provides a good opportunity to understand the formation mechanism and fundamental significance of zone-axis preferential growth of ZnO mesocrystals. Significantly, it is believed that the precursor driven assembly of mesostructures reported here would provide a green way to design more and more surfactant-free metal oxide architectures with well-defined shapes

Facile Water-Assisted Synthesis of Cupric Oxide Nanourchins and Their Application as Nonenzymatic Glucose Biosensor

We have demonstrated an interesting approach for the one-pot synthesis of cupric oxide (CuO) nanourchins with sub-100 nm through a sequential dissolution–precipitation process in a water/ethanol system. The first stage produces a precursory crystal [Cu₇Cl₄(OH)₁₀H₂O] that is transformed into monoclinic CuO nanourchins during the following stage. Water is a required reactant for the morphology-controlled growth of different CuO nanostructures. When evaluated for their nonenzymatic glucose-sensing properties, these CuO nanourchins manifest higher sensitivity. Significantly, this water-dependent precursor transformation method may be widely used to effectively control the growth of other metal oxide nanostructures