DataSheet1_Experimental study of a tunable perfect flexural wave absorber with a piezoelectric shunted resonator.pdf

Metamaterials and metasurfaces have been widely developed recently for extraordinary acoustic and elastic wave control at a deep subwavelength scale. Perfect wave absorption as an extreme case to totally absorb the impinged waves has gained great attention, whereas most existing designs based on local resonance lack tunabilities, making perfect absorption be observed at a single frequency. To overcome this drawback, in this work, we design and fabricate a tunable inductance-resistance (LR) shunted mechanical resonator via a bonded piezoelectric patch for perfect flexural wave absorption at low frequency. The LR shunted absorber could be reconfigured to a broad frequency range for perfect flexural wave absorption. The tunable perfect absorption performances are validated through experiments and unit absorption is achieved in experiments. In the end, to further highlight the advantages of shunted damping we numerically demonstrate that the absorption spectrum could be enhanced to broadband absorption with a negative capacitance and an inductance-resistance circuit (NC-LR) connected in parallel. The approach proposed provides an alternative solution to achieve perfect wave absorption in the low-frequency range and enables practical application in complex engineering structures.</p

Geographic and climatic characteristics (1951–2012) of the 33 sampling sites for jujube leaves in northern China.

<p>Geographic and climatic characteristics (1951–2012) of the 33 sampling sites for jujube leaves in northern China.</p

Influences of Environmental Factors on Leaf Morphology of Chinese Jujubes

<div><p>Rainfall and temperature are the primary limiting factors for optimum quality and yield of cultivated jujube (<i>Ziziphus jujuba</i> Mill.). Adaptation to arid and cool environments has been and remains an important goal of many jujube improvement programs. This study summarized the survey results of 116 Chinese jujube varieties grown at 33 sites in China. The objective was to identify the environmental factors that influence leaf morphology, and the implications for breeding and introduction of new jujube varieties. Jujube leaf morphological traits were evaluated for their potential relationships with mean annual temperature (MAT) and mean annual precipitation (MAP). The results showed that many leaf morphological traits had a strong linear relationship with local precipitation and temperature. Longer veins per unit area (VLA) and reduced leaf area and leaf perimeter were typical of arid areas. VLA was inversely related to MAT and MAP at the centers of origin of jujube. There was a positive relationship between leaf shape (perimeter²/area) and both MAT and MAP. These results indicated that leaf vein traits of Chinese jujubes might have resulted from their adaptation to environmental factors in the course of long-term evolution. Principal component analysis allocated the 116 jujube varieties to three different groups, differentiated on the basis of morphological and physiological leaf characteristics. Jujube varieties from the Hebei, Shandong, Henan, southern Shanxi and central Shaanxi provinces were closely related, as were varieties from northwest Shanxi and northeast Shaanxi provinces, and varieties from the Gansu and Ningxia provinces. These close relationships were partially attributed to the frequent exchanges of varieties within each group. Leaf venation characteristics might be used as reference indices for jujube variety introduction between different locations.</p></div

Comparisons of vein length per unit area (VLA), leaf area and leaf perimeter of jujube leaves sampled in three jujube cultivation areas (ASYH, HLP, and AVHN area) in China.

<p>The error bars are standard deviations of jujube production area concerned. (a) VLA (df = 35, F = 60.702, P<0.05); (b) leaf area (df = 35, F = 22.650, P<0.05); (c) leaf perimeter (df = 35, F = 8.726, P<0.05), as determined by LSD multiple comparison tests.</p

Distribution of the 33 sampling sites (counties or districts) of jujube leaves in northern China (34°–39° N and 102°–117° E; small map at top center).

<p>The dots represent the origin growth areas of the various jujube varieties where jujube leaves were collected.</p

Relationships between jujube leaf traits of vein length per unit area (VLA), and leaf shape (perimeter²/area) and the climatic factors of mean annual precipitation (MAP) and mean annual temperature (MAT) in 33 sampling sites across northern China.

<p>Each dot represents 1of the 33 sampling sites in China. Error bars represent standard deviations.</p

Comparisons of vein length per unit area (VLA) (a), area (b) and perimeter (c) of jujube leaves of 21 representative jujube varieties sampled in 33 sites in northern China.

<p>The jujube varieties are represented by different capital letters for the sake of clarity. The error bars are standard deviations of the variables concerned. The least significant difference (LSD) multiple comparison tests were conducted for VLA (df = 62, F = 21.10, p<0.05), leaf area (df = 62, F = 112.472, p<0.05), and leaf perimeter (df = 62, F = 8.016, p<0.05), respectively. Different lowercase letters above error bars for each component indicate statistically significantly different mean values (p<0.05).</p

Principal components analysis of leaf morphological traits of 116 jujube varieties from 33 sites in northern China.

<p>All jujube varieties are divided into three groups: GROUP 1 (filled squares), GROUP 2 (filled triangles up), and GROUP 3 (filled circles). The seven provinces where the 33 sampling sites are located are represented by numbers for the sake of brevity. Members of GROUP 1 were mainly from Hebei, Shandong, Henan, southern Shanxi and central Shaanxi Provinces; Members of GROUP 2 were mainly from northwest Shanxi and northeast Shaanxi. Members of GROUP 2 were mainly from Gansu and Ningxia Provinces.</p

Gradient Tandem Mass Spectrometry Interfaced with Ion Mobility Separation for the Characterization of Supramolecular Architectures

Traveling wave ion mobility mass spectrometry (TWIM MS) was combined with gradient tandem mass spectrometry (gMS2) to deconvolute and characterize superimposed ions with different charges and shapes formed by electrospray ionization (ESI) of self-assembled, hexameric metallomacrocycles composed of terpyridine-based ligands and CdII ions. ESI conditions were optimized to obtain intact hexameric cation assemblies in a low charge state (2+), in order to minimize overlapping fragments of the same mass-to-charge ratio. With TWIM MS, intact hexameric ions could be separated from remaining fragments and aggregates. Collisional activation of these hexameric ions at varying collision energies (gMS2), followed by TWIM separation, was then performed to resolve macrocyclic from linear hexameric species. Because of the different stabilities of these architectures, gMS2 changes their relative amounts, which can be monitored individually after subsequent ion mobility separation. On the basis of this unique strategy, hexameric cyclic and linear isomers have been successfully resolved and identified. Complementary structural information was gained by the gMS2 fragmentation pattern of the metallosupramolecules, acquired by collisionally activated dissociation after TWIM dispersion. TWIM MS interfaced with gMS2 should be particularly valuable for the characterization of a variety of supramolecular polymers, which often contain isomeric architectures that yield overlapping fragments and aggregates upon ESI MS analysis

Data_Sheet_1_Features of combined gut bacteria and fungi from a Chinese cohort of colorectal cancer, colorectal adenoma, and post-operative patients.pdf

Colorectal cancer (CRC) accounts for the third highest morbidity burden among malignant tumors worldwide. Previous studies investigated gut microbiome changes that occur during colorectal adenomas (CRA) progression to overt CRC, thus highlighting the importance of the gut microbiome in carcinogenesis. However, few studies have examined gut microbiome characteristics across the entire spectrum, from CRC development to treatment. The study used 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid and internal transcribed spacer amplicon sequencing to compare the composition of gut bacteria and fungi in a Chinese cohort of healthy controls (HC), CRC patients, CRA patients, and CRC postoperative patients (PP). Our analysis showed that beta diversity was significantly different among the four groups based on the gut bacterial and fungal data. A total of 51 species of bacteria and 8 species of fungi were identified in the HC, CRA, CRC, and PP groups. Correlation networks for both the gut bacteria and fungi in HC vs. CRA, HC vs. CRC, and HC vs. PP indicated some hub bacterial and fungal genera in each model, and the correlation between bacterial and fungal data indicated that a highly significant negative correlation exists among groups. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis in a large cohort of HC, CRC, CRA, and PP patients demonstrated a significantly increasing trend of Fusobacterium nucleatum, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Candida albicans, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the feces of CRC patients than that of HC patients (p < 0.01). However, the abundance levels of CRA and PP were significantly lower in HC patients than those in CRC patients. Further studies are required to identify the functional consequences of the altered bacterial/fungal composition on metabolism and CRC tumorigenesis in the host.</p