Association between ambient temperature and hospitalizations for urolithiasis in four counties of Ganzhou, China

We collected meteorological and urolithiasis-related hospitalization data from four counties in Ganzhou City for 2018–2019 and used the DLNM method to assess the lagged and cumulative effects of temperature on urolithiasis hospitalizations and obtain the total effect after meta-combination. Based on the nonlinear association between temperature and urolithiasis hospitalizations, the relative risk of overall high temperature (30℃) was 2.10 (95% CI: 1.07-4.10). No statistically significant difference (p = 0.07) was observed between males (RR = 2.04, 95% CI: 1.42-2.94) and females (RR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.09-1.92) for the heat effect, which was higher in the ≥ 60 years age group (RR = 3.18, 95% CI: 1.76-5.76) than in the p = 0.007). High temperatures increased the risk of hospitalization for urolithiasis in Ganzhou, China, and the risk was greatest for individuals aged 60 and above, with similar risks observed across counties and genders.</p

Functional verification of <i>ccpA</i> from <i>T</i>. <i>aotearoense</i> SCUT27 in <i>B</i>. <i>subtilis</i> mutant MA-1, which was defective in the <i>ccpA</i> gene (BSU29740).

<p>(A) Starch utilization of <i>B</i>. <i>subtilis</i> 168 (a), MA-1 (b) and TA-1 (c) on agar plates containing 1% (<i>w/v</i>) starch and 2% (<i>w/v</i>) glucose. After the plates incubated at 37°C for 2 h, 5 h and 8 h, the plates were flooded with I₂/KI (0.5:5.0%, <i>w/v</i>) solution to examine the starch hydrolysis halos. (B) Comparison of expression levels of the <i>amyE</i>, <i>xylA</i> and <i>xylB</i> genes. The bars represent the mean values of the expression levels of different genes. All the experiments were done in triplicate and statistically tested (T-test).</p

Table1_Evaluation of probe-based ultra-sensitive detection of miRNA using a single-molecule fluorescence imaging method: miR-126 used as the model.docx

This study proposed a new detection method of miRNA based on single-molecule fluorescence imaging, a method that has been successfully developed to measure the light signal of individual molecules labeled with proper fluorophores. We designed probes 1 and 2 to be labeled with Cy5 dye and BHQ2 quencher at the 3′terminals, respectively. Probe 1 consisted of two parts, the longer part complementary to miR-126 and the shorter part complementary to probe 2. After hybridization, miR-126 bound to probe 1 by replacing probe 2 and assembled into a double-stranded DNA with probe 1. The abundance of miR-126 was quantified by detecting image spots of Cy5 dye molecules from probe 1/miR-126 complexes. MiR-126 single-molecule imaging method showed high specificity and sensitivity for miR-126 with a detection limit of 50 fM. This method has good selectivity for miR-126 detection with 2.1-fold, 8.8-fold, and 26.9–41.3-fold higher than those of single-base mismatched miR-126, three-base mismatched miR-126 and non-complementary miRNAs (miR-221, miR-16, miR-143 and miR-141). The method to detect miR-126 was validated in breast cancer cell lines. Our single-molecule miRNA imaging showed high specificity and sensitivity for miRNAs. By changing the base pair sequence of the designed probes, our method would be able to detect different miRNAs.</p

The inhibitory effects of 2-DG concentration on xylose-related CCR of <i>T</i>. <i>aotearoense</i> SCUT27.

<p>Overnight cultures were inoculated into fresh medium containing 5 g/L xylose supplemented with increasing concentrations of 2-DG (0, 0.005, 0.05, 0.5 or 5 g/L). After incubation at 55°C for different hours, culture optical densities were measured and expressed as mean ± SD (n = 2). *, significant difference at <i>p</i><0.05 (T-test); **, very significant difference at <i>p</i><0.01.</p

Strains and plasmids used in this study.

<p>Strains and plasmids used in this study.</p

Image_3_Extreme temperature exposure and urolithiasis: A time series analysis in Ganzhou, China.JPEG

BackgroundAmbient temperature change is a risk factor for urolithiasis that cannot be ignored. The association between temperature and urolithiasis varies from region to region. Our study aimed to analyze the impact of extremely high and low temperatures on the number of inpatients for urolithiasis and their lag effect in Ganzhou City, China.MethodsWe collected the daily number of inpatients with urolithiasis in Ganzhou from 2018 to 2019 and the meteorological data for the same period. The exposure-response relationship between the daily mean temperature and the number of inpatients with urolithiasis was studied by the distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM). The effect of extreme temperatures was also analyzed. A stratification analysis was performed for different gender and age groups.ResultsThere were 38,184 hospitalizations for urolithiasis from 2018 to 2019 in Ganzhou. The exposure-response curve between the daily mean temperature and the number of inpatients with urolithiasis in Ganzhou was non-linear and had an observed lag effect. The warm effects (30.4°C) were presented at lag 2 and lag 5–lag 9 days, and the cold effects (2.9°C) were presented at lag 8 and lag 3–lag 4 days. The maximum cumulative warm effects were at lag 0–10 days (cumulative relative risk, CRR = 2.379, 95% CI: 1.771, 3.196), and the maximum cumulative cold effects were at lag 0–5 (CRR = 1.182, 95% CI: 1.054, 1.326). Men and people between the ages of 21 and 40 were more susceptible to the extreme temperatures that cause urolithiasis.ConclusionExtreme temperature was correlated with a high risk of urolithiasis hospitalizations, and the warm effects had a longer duration than the cold effects. Preventing urolithiasis and protecting vulnerable people is critical in extreme temperature environments.</p

Image_2_Extreme temperature exposure and urolithiasis: A time series analysis in Ganzhou, China.jpeg

BackgroundAmbient temperature change is a risk factor for urolithiasis that cannot be ignored. The association between temperature and urolithiasis varies from region to region. Our study aimed to analyze the impact of extremely high and low temperatures on the number of inpatients for urolithiasis and their lag effect in Ganzhou City, China.MethodsWe collected the daily number of inpatients with urolithiasis in Ganzhou from 2018 to 2019 and the meteorological data for the same period. The exposure-response relationship between the daily mean temperature and the number of inpatients with urolithiasis was studied by the distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM). The effect of extreme temperatures was also analyzed. A stratification analysis was performed for different gender and age groups.ResultsThere were 38,184 hospitalizations for urolithiasis from 2018 to 2019 in Ganzhou. The exposure-response curve between the daily mean temperature and the number of inpatients with urolithiasis in Ganzhou was non-linear and had an observed lag effect. The warm effects (30.4°C) were presented at lag 2 and lag 5–lag 9 days, and the cold effects (2.9°C) were presented at lag 8 and lag 3–lag 4 days. The maximum cumulative warm effects were at lag 0–10 days (cumulative relative risk, CRR = 2.379, 95% CI: 1.771, 3.196), and the maximum cumulative cold effects were at lag 0–5 (CRR = 1.182, 95% CI: 1.054, 1.326). Men and people between the ages of 21 and 40 were more susceptible to the extreme temperatures that cause urolithiasis.ConclusionExtreme temperature was correlated with a high risk of urolithiasis hospitalizations, and the warm effects had a longer duration than the cold effects. Preventing urolithiasis and protecting vulnerable people is critical in extreme temperature environments.</p

Sevoflurane increased LC3-II levels in the hippocampus of young mice.

A. Anesthesia containing 3% sevoflurane administered for 2 hours daily for three days in P6 mice increased their levels of LC3-II (lanes 3 to 4) compared to those in the control condition (lanes 1 to 2). 3-MA treatment alone (lanes 5 to 6) did not alter the levels of LC3-II as compared to those in the control condition, but the 3-MA treatment (lanes 7 to 8) attenuated the sevoflurane-induced increase in the LC3-II levels of mice compared those receiving the anesthetic sevoflurane (lanes 3 to 4). There was no significant difference in the beta-Actin levels among these treatments. B. Quantification of the Western blot showed that the anesthetic sevoflurane increased the LC3-II levels (gray bar versus white bar) and that 3-MA attenuated the sevoflurane-induced increase in the LC3-II levels (net bar versus gray bar) (F = 21.96, P C. The quantification of the Western blots showed that the anesthetic sevoflurane increased the ratio of LC3-II/LC3-I in mice compared to those in the control condition (white bar versus black bar), and 3-MA attenuated the sevoflurane-induced increase in the ratio of LC3-II/LC3-I (net bar versus gray bar) (F = 6.262, P = 0.0211, two-way ANOVA). LC = microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain; 3-MA = 3-Methyladenine; ANOVA = analysis of variance; NS = normal saline.</p

Interaction analysis of CcpA with HPr.

<p>The affinity purified HPr and HPrM were phosphorylated with HPrK/P as previously described. Heat-treated cell extracts containing CcpA-NH mixed with different protein samples were loaded onto the HiTrap^™ Chelating HP column. The eluted fractions were separated by SDS-PAGE using a 12% acrylamide gel and stained with coomassie brilliant blue. M: protein standards, 1: purified HPr, 2: HPrSerP, 3: CcpA-NH mixed with HPrSerP, 4: CcpA-NH mixed with HPrSerP and formaldehyde, 5: CcpA-NH mixed with HPr, 6: CcpA-NH mixed with HPrM, 7: Nitrilase mixed with HPrSerP as negative control.</p

The phylogenetic trees of <i>ccpA</i> (A), <i>ptsH</i> (B) and <i>hprK</i> (C) from <i>T</i>. <i>aotearoense</i> SCUT27.

<p>The phylogenetic trees were constructed by Neighbor-Joining (NJ) method with 1000 replicates of bootstrap test using MEGA4.0. The numbers for gene “locus tag” on the chromosome of some strains in the GenBank were shown.</p