The study on gas phase dehydrogenation reactions of transition metal cation and ethylene

The reactivity of M+ (M = Os, Ir, Pt, Au) and ethylene is comparatively studied by the techniques of mass spectrometry in conjunction with theoretical calculations. Studies have shown that Os+, Ir+ and Pt+ can activate C–H bonds in ethylene to form OsC2H2+, IrC2H2+ and PtC2H2+ through dehydrogenation reaction, while Au+ cannot, which can be explained by the second HAT step. This is affected by the number of empty valence orbital of metals. In addition, for the activation capacity of Os+, Ir+, Pt+, the analysis of the free energy of rate-limiting step indicates the activation capacity is Os+ > Ir+ > Pt + . At the same time, the Os–C and C–C bonds of the first intermediate MC2H4+ are analysed, which shows that the stronger the interaction between M and the ligand C2H4 is, the shorter the C–C bond length in the ligand is, and the stronger the activation ability of the metal M may be.</p

Pipeline longitudinal displacement during seismic action.

<p>Pipeline longitudinal displacement during seismic action.</p

Soil model.

<p>(A) Soil Constraints and (B) soil numerical simulation model.</p

Lateral displacement of each bend under different working conditions.

<p>Lateral displacement of each bend under different working conditions.</p

Axial Displacement of each bend under different working conditions.

<p>Axial Displacement of each bend under different working conditions.</p

Longitudinal displacement of each bend under different working conditions.

<p>Longitudinal displacement of each bend under different working conditions.</p

Stress of each bend with different Compaction coefficients.

<p>Stress of each bend with different Compaction coefficients.</p

Lateral displacements of bends with different Compaction coefficients.

<p>Lateral displacements of bends with different Compaction coefficients.</p

3D beam element model.

<p>3D beam element model.</p

Average stress in pipe models with different Compaction coefficients.

<p>Average stress in pipe models with different Compaction coefficients.</p