Results and Outcomes of each cohorts of 10,000 HIV infected pregnant women.

&<p>: extended dominated, means exclude any interventions that have a higher ICER than more effective interventions.</p>§<p>: undominated, strategies on the cost-effectiveness frontier, meaning that they are more cost-effective.</p

Structure of decision analytic model.

<p>ART, antiretroviral therapy.</p

Decision analytic model schematic.

<p>& Irrespective of mode of feeding patterns, infants accepted NVP promptly and daily for 6 weeks. ART, antiretroviral therapy; ARV, antiretroviral prophylaxis; sdNVP, single dose nevirapine; sdTDF, single dose Tenofovir; FTC,emtricitabine; AZT, Zidovudine; FDC, fixed dose combination,(TDF, FTC/3TC, EFV); 3TC,Lamivudine; EFV, Efavirenz.</p

References and input probabilities for the decision analytic model.

<p>ART, antiretroviral therapy; ARV, antiretroviral prophylaxis; sdNVP, single dose nevirapine; sdTDF, single dose Tenofovir; FTC, emtricitabine; AZT, Zidovudine; FDC, (TDF, FTC/3TC, EFV); 3TC,Lamivudine; EFV, Efavirenz; HAART, highly active antiretroviral therapy.</p

References and input cost estimates for the decision analytic model.

<p>ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; HAART, highly active antiretroviral therapy; ART, antiretroviral prophylaxis; ARV, antiretroviral prophylaxis; sdNVP, single dose nevirapine; sdTDF, single dose Tenofovir; FTC, emtricitabine; AZT, Zidovudine; FDC, (TDF, FTC/3TC, EFV); 3TC,Lamivudine; EFV, Efavirenz.</p

The cost-effectiveness frontier of different strategy combinations.

<p>The cost-effectiveness frontier (solid line) includes strategies that maybe cost-effective if the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio is less than the accepted threshold. Strategies that are not on the frontier are dominated, meaning that they are not efficient use of resources. In figure 3.A, irrespective of the feeding patterns, remedial cohort is less cost-effective. In figure 3.B, mothers' prompt treatment and replacement feeding cohort is the most cost-effective intervention, followed by the promptly treated cohort being assigned to breastfeeding.</p

Microsized Silicon/Carbon Composite Anodes through In Situ Polymerization of Phenolic Resin onto Silicon Microparticles for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries

Silicon (Si) has been gradually explored as a next-generation anode material to replace traditional graphite anodes in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to its high specific capacity (3579 mAh g–1 at room temperature). In terms of cost and tap density, silicon microparticles (SiMPs) are more advantageous than silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) in high energy density LIBs, but they are also plagued by the more serious volume effect. Here, we design a silicon/carbon (Si/C) composite anode through the in situ polymerization of phenolic resin (PF) onto SiMPs, and after pyrolysis, SiMPs are tightly coated with pyrolytic carbon layers. When applied in LIBs, the composite anodes (μSi@PF) exhibit excellent cycling performance (1283 mAh g–1 after 400 cycles at 2 A g–1) and rate performance (a reversible capacity of about 1000 mAh g–1 at 8 A g–1). The full cell with lithium iron phosphate cathodes and μSi@PF anodes can maintain 87.7% capacity retention after 100 cycles. The great electrochemical performance can be ascribed to the rational structure design of μSi@PF in which PF pyrolytic carbon as a shell around SiMPs can accommodate the volume change of SiMPs during cycling and reduce the internal impedance. This is the first attempt to construct Si/C composites by in situ polymerizing PF resin onto SiMPs, and the great performance of Si/C anode provides a reference for the practical application of SiMPs

Different varieties of differential genes.

’Allen Eureka’ is a bud variety of Eureka lemon with excellent fruiting traits, but severe winter defoliation affects the following year’s yield, and the response mechanism of lemon defoliation is currently unknown. Two lemon cultivars (’Allen Eureka’ and ’Yunning No. 1’) with different defoliation traits were used as materials to investigate the molecular regulatory mechanisms of different leaf abscission periods in lemons. The petiole abscission zone was collected at three different defoliation stages, namely, the predefoliation stage (k15), the middefoliation stage (k30), and the postdefoliation stage (k45). Transcriptome sequencing was performed to analyze the gene expression differences between these two cultivars. A total of 1141, 2695, and 1433 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained in k15, k30, and k45, respectively, and the number of DEGs in k30 was the largest. GO analysis revealed that the DEGs between the two cultivars were mainly enriched in processes related to hydrolase activity, chitinase activity, oxidoreductase activity, and transcription regulator activity in the defoliation stages. KEGG analysis showed that the DEGs were concentrated in k30, which involved plant hormone signal transduction, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and biosynthesis of amino acids. The expression trends of some DEGs suggested their roles in regulating defoliation in Lemon. Seven genes were obtained by WGCNA, including sorbitol dehydrogenase (CL9G068822012_alt, CL9G068820012_alt, CL9G068818012_alt), abscisic acid 8’-hydroxylase (CL8G064053012_alt, CL8G064054012_alt), and asparagine synthetase (CL8G065162012_alt, CL8G065151012_alt), suggesting that these genes may be involved in the regulation of lemon leaf abscission.</div

Expression characteristics of differentially expressed genes of metabolic pathways in each defoliation period of the ’Allen Eureka’ and ’Yunning No. 1’ lemons.

(A) Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis; (B) Biosynthesis of amino acids; (C) Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism; (D) Flavonoid biosynthesis. (The horizontal coordinates of the graph in the heatmap are the sample names, and the vertical coordinates are the values of the differentially expressed genes after normalization of FPKM; the redder the color, the higher the expression, and the bluer the expression, the lower the expression).</p

Different heatmap of module-trait associations.

’Allen Eureka’ is a bud variety of Eureka lemon with excellent fruiting traits, but severe winter defoliation affects the following year’s yield, and the response mechanism of lemon defoliation is currently unknown. Two lemon cultivars (’Allen Eureka’ and ’Yunning No. 1’) with different defoliation traits were used as materials to investigate the molecular regulatory mechanisms of different leaf abscission periods in lemons. The petiole abscission zone was collected at three different defoliation stages, namely, the predefoliation stage (k15), the middefoliation stage (k30), and the postdefoliation stage (k45). Transcriptome sequencing was performed to analyze the gene expression differences between these two cultivars. A total of 1141, 2695, and 1433 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained in k15, k30, and k45, respectively, and the number of DEGs in k30 was the largest. GO analysis revealed that the DEGs between the two cultivars were mainly enriched in processes related to hydrolase activity, chitinase activity, oxidoreductase activity, and transcription regulator activity in the defoliation stages. KEGG analysis showed that the DEGs were concentrated in k30, which involved plant hormone signal transduction, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and biosynthesis of amino acids. The expression trends of some DEGs suggested their roles in regulating defoliation in Lemon. Seven genes were obtained by WGCNA, including sorbitol dehydrogenase (CL9G068822012_alt, CL9G068820012_alt, CL9G068818012_alt), abscisic acid 8’-hydroxylase (CL8G064053012_alt, CL8G064054012_alt), and asparagine synthetase (CL8G065162012_alt, CL8G065151012_alt), suggesting that these genes may be involved in the regulation of lemon leaf abscission.</div