Green procurement in the private sector: a state of the art review between 1996 and 2013

The purpose of this paper is to identify the main themes of Green Procurement (GP) in the private sector through a literature review of papers published between 1996 and 2013 and to develop some future research directions. GP research has garnered interest from academics and industry alike. This is demonstrated by the increasing number of academic papers published in recent years. This literature review builds on the three themes in the adoption of GP identified from the literature: 1) the motivation and drivers for the implementation of GP; 2) barriers to the implementation of GP; 3) the performance impacts of the adoption of GP. Given that there are distinctive features of the private sector, compared to the public sector, this analysis focuses on GP in the private sector. The approach to GP holds important implications for managers, by directing limited resources towards projects which intersect both environmental performance and economic performance. The article discusses interesting findings, develops a conceptual framework of GP and suggests a number of directions for future research

Additional file 1 of Physiology and metabonomics reveal differences in drought resistance among soybean varieties

Additional file 1: Figure S1. QC sample mass spectrometry detection TIC overlay. a HN44-CK vs. HN44-DS; b HN65-CK vs. HN65-DS

Designing Transparent Micro/Nano Re-Entrant-Coordinated Superamphiphobic Surfaces with Ultralow Solid/Liquid Adhesion

Superamphiphobic surfaces, capable of repelling both water and oil, have been extensively studied recently. Artificial superamphiphobic surfaces with ultralow solid/liquid adhesion and high transparency have been achieved separately. However, simultaneous demonstration of these two features remains a challenge. Here, we designed a superamphiphobic surface possessing a re-entrant curvature on both nano- and microscales uniformly, each maintaining their capabilities. The achieved micro/nano re-entrant-coordinated superamphiphobic surface performed ultralow solid/liquid adhesion for liquids with high viscosities or low surface tension and showed excellent transparency. This rationally designed model of the superamphiphobic surface may provide useful guidelines for fabrication of superamphiphobic surfaces and enable potential applications ranging from self-cleaning materials to optical devices, such as solar panels, wind screens, and goggles

Additional file 4 of Physiology and metabonomics reveal differences in drought resistance among soybean varieties

Additional file 4: Table S2. Metabolites identified in HN65

Additional file 2 of Physiology and metabonomics reveal differences in drought resistance among soybean varieties

Additional file 2: Figure S2. OPLS-DA Verification Diagram. a HN44-CK vs. HN44-DS; b HN65-CK vs. HN65-DS. Note: The annotations in the upper left corner of the figure are R2X, R2Y and Q2 of the original model, and the abscissa is the similarity between the model Y after replacement and the original Y. The vertical axis is the R2Y and Q2 values

Carbamothioic S-acid derivative and kigamicins, the activated production of silent metabolites in <i>Amycolatopsis alba</i> DSM 44262Δ<i>abm9</i> elicited by <i>N</i>-acetyl-D-glucosamine

One new carbamothioic S-acid derivative (1) and five known kigamicin derivatives (2–6) were isolated from the fermentation extract of Amycolatopsis alba DSM 44262Δabm9 elicited by N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. HPLC-DAD-UV analyses indicated that the DSM 44262Δabm9 strain did not produce these metabolites originally and the production of 1–6 was induced by adding 25 mM N-acetyl-D-glucosamine in the culture medium. The structures of 1–6 were identified on the basis of NMR spectroscopic data and high-resolution ESIMS. These results highlight that addition of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine in the microbial culture medium could activate cryptic gene expression, induce and increase the production of new or known secondary metabolites.</p

Additional file 3 of Physiology and metabonomics reveal differences in drought resistance among soybean varieties

Additional file 3: Table S1. Metabolites identified in HN44

Porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) infection activates AMPK and JNK through TAK1 to induce autophagy and enhance virus replication

Autophagy plays an important role in defending against invading microbes. However, numerous viruses can subvert autophagy to benefit their replication. Porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) is an aetiological agent that causes severe porcine epidemic diarrhoea. How PEDV infection regulates autophagy and its role in PEDV replication are inadequately understood. Herein, we report that PEDV induced complete autophagy in Vero and IPEC-DQ cells, as evidenced by increased LC3 lipidation, p62 degradation, and the formation of autolysosomes. The lysosomal protease inhibitors chloroquine (CQ) or bafilomycin A and Beclin-1 or ATG5 knockdown blocked autophagic flux and inhibited PEDV replication. PEDV infection activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and c-Jun terminal kinase (JNK) by activating TGF-beta-activated kinase 1 (TAK1). Compound C (CC), an AMPK inhibitor, and SP600125, a JNK inhibitor, inhibited PEDV-induced autophagy and virus replication. AMPK activation led to increased ULK1S777 phosphorylation and activation. Inhibition of ULK1 activity by SBI-0206965 (SBI) and TAK1 activity by 5Z-7-Oxozeaenol (5Z) or by TAK1 siRNA led to the suppression of autophagy and virus replication. Our study provides mechanistic insights into PEDV-induced autophagy and how PEDV infection leads to JNK and AMPK activation.</p

Designing Transparent Micro/Nano Re-Entrant-Coordinated Superamphiphobic Surfaces with Ultralow Solid/Liquid Adhesion

Superamphiphobic surfaces, capable of repelling both water and oil, have been extensively studied recently. Artificial superamphiphobic surfaces with ultralow solid/liquid adhesion and high transparency have been achieved separately. However, simultaneous demonstration of these two features remains a challenge. Here, we designed a superamphiphobic surface possessing a re-entrant curvature on both nano- and microscales uniformly, each maintaining their capabilities. The achieved micro/nano re-entrant-coordinated superamphiphobic surface performed ultralow solid/liquid adhesion for liquids with high viscosities or low surface tension and showed excellent transparency. This rationally designed model of the superamphiphobic surface may provide useful guidelines for fabrication of superamphiphobic surfaces and enable potential applications ranging from self-cleaning materials to optical devices, such as solar panels, wind screens, and goggles

Designing Transparent Micro/Nano Re-Entrant-Coordinated Superamphiphobic Surfaces with Ultralow Solid/Liquid Adhesion

Superamphiphobic surfaces, capable of repelling both water and oil, have been extensively studied recently. Artificial superamphiphobic surfaces with ultralow solid/liquid adhesion and high transparency have been achieved separately. However, simultaneous demonstration of these two features remains a challenge. Here, we designed a superamphiphobic surface possessing a re-entrant curvature on both nano- and microscales uniformly, each maintaining their capabilities. The achieved micro/nano re-entrant-coordinated superamphiphobic surface performed ultralow solid/liquid adhesion for liquids with high viscosities or low surface tension and showed excellent transparency. This rationally designed model of the superamphiphobic surface may provide useful guidelines for fabrication of superamphiphobic surfaces and enable potential applications ranging from self-cleaning materials to optical devices, such as solar panels, wind screens, and goggles