25 research outputs found

    Structure and Properties of Boron-Very-Rich Boron Carbides: B<sub>12</sub> Icosahedra Linked through Bent CBB Chains

    No full text
    The atomic structures of boron carbide in the regime below ∼13.3 at. % C (known as boron-very-rich boron carbide, BvrBC) have not previously been reported due to the complexity of the structure and bonding. We report here the atomistic crystal structures for stoichiometry B<sub>14</sub>C, with only 6.7 at. % C, predicted using quantum mechanics (QM) at the PBE level. We find that B<sub>14</sub>C consists of one B<sub>12</sub> icosahedral cluster and one C–B–B chain per unit cell. The C–B–B chain can be linear or bent, leading to two different space groups for (B<sub>12</sub>)­CBB. Our bonding analyses show that both structures satisfy the electron counting rule (Wade’s rule). However, the bent CBB chain which has lower crystal symmetry, leading to an energy substantially more stable (0.315 eV per molecular unit) than that of the linear CBB chain structure, which has high crystal symmetry. This is because the bent CBB chain structure requires only one three-center–two-electron (3c-2e) bond, while the linear CBB chain structure requires three 3c-2e bonds. We predicted the mechanical properties of both structures from QM simulations. We found that shearing the linear CBB chain structure transforms first to the bent CBB chain structure under both pure and biaxial shear deformations as the shear proceeds the icosahedra deconstruction due to the interaction of the CBB chains with the icosahedra. This suggests that the bent CBB structure is responsible for the failure processes of B<sub>14</sub>C

    Structure and Properties of Boron-Very-Rich Boron Carbides: B<sub>12</sub> Icosahedra Linked through Bent CBB Chains

    No full text
    The atomic structures of boron carbide in the regime below ∼13.3 at. % C (known as boron-very-rich boron carbide, BvrBC) have not previously been reported due to the complexity of the structure and bonding. We report here the atomistic crystal structures for stoichiometry B<sub>14</sub>C, with only 6.7 at. % C, predicted using quantum mechanics (QM) at the PBE level. We find that B<sub>14</sub>C consists of one B<sub>12</sub> icosahedral cluster and one C–B–B chain per unit cell. The C–B–B chain can be linear or bent, leading to two different space groups for (B<sub>12</sub>)­CBB. Our bonding analyses show that both structures satisfy the electron counting rule (Wade’s rule). However, the bent CBB chain which has lower crystal symmetry, leading to an energy substantially more stable (0.315 eV per molecular unit) than that of the linear CBB chain structure, which has high crystal symmetry. This is because the bent CBB chain structure requires only one three-center–two-electron (3c-2e) bond, while the linear CBB chain structure requires three 3c-2e bonds. We predicted the mechanical properties of both structures from QM simulations. We found that shearing the linear CBB chain structure transforms first to the bent CBB chain structure under both pure and biaxial shear deformations as the shear proceeds the icosahedra deconstruction due to the interaction of the CBB chains with the icosahedra. This suggests that the bent CBB structure is responsible for the failure processes of B<sub>14</sub>C

    DataSheet_10_Mechanism of electro-acupuncture in alleviating intestinal injury in septic mice via polyamine-related M2-macrophage polarization.zip

    No full text
    ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to investigate the impact of electro-acupuncture (EA) on sepsis-related intestinal injury and its relationship with macrophage polarization.MethodsA sepsis model was established using cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) to assess the effectiveness of EA. The extent of pathological injury was evaluated using Chiu’s score, the expression of ZO-1 and Ocludin, and the impact on macrophage polarization was examined through flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining. The expression of spermidine, one type of polyamine, and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) was measured using ELISA and PCR. Once the efficacy was determined, a polyamine depletion model was created, and the role of polyamines was reassessed by evaluating efficacy and observing macrophage polarization.ResultsEA treatment reduced the Chiu’s score and increased the expression of ZO-1 and Ocludin in the intestinal tissue of septic mice. It inhibited the secretion of IL-1β and TNF-α, promoted the polarization of M2-type macrophages, increased the secretion of IL-10, and upregulated the expression of Arg-1, spermidine, and ODC. However, after depleting polyamines, the beneficial effects of EA on alleviating intestinal tissue damage and modulating macrophage polarization disappeared.ConclusionThe mechanism underlying the alleviation of intestinal injury associated with CLP-induced sepsis by EA involves with the promotion of M2-type macrophage polarization mediated by spermidine expression.</p

    DataSheet_9_Mechanism of electro-acupuncture in alleviating intestinal injury in septic mice via polyamine-related M2-macrophage polarization.zip

    No full text
    ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to investigate the impact of electro-acupuncture (EA) on sepsis-related intestinal injury and its relationship with macrophage polarization.MethodsA sepsis model was established using cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) to assess the effectiveness of EA. The extent of pathological injury was evaluated using Chiu’s score, the expression of ZO-1 and Ocludin, and the impact on macrophage polarization was examined through flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining. The expression of spermidine, one type of polyamine, and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) was measured using ELISA and PCR. Once the efficacy was determined, a polyamine depletion model was created, and the role of polyamines was reassessed by evaluating efficacy and observing macrophage polarization.ResultsEA treatment reduced the Chiu’s score and increased the expression of ZO-1 and Ocludin in the intestinal tissue of septic mice. It inhibited the secretion of IL-1β and TNF-α, promoted the polarization of M2-type macrophages, increased the secretion of IL-10, and upregulated the expression of Arg-1, spermidine, and ODC. However, after depleting polyamines, the beneficial effects of EA on alleviating intestinal tissue damage and modulating macrophage polarization disappeared.ConclusionThe mechanism underlying the alleviation of intestinal injury associated with CLP-induced sepsis by EA involves with the promotion of M2-type macrophage polarization mediated by spermidine expression.</p

    DataSheet_2_Mechanism of electro-acupuncture in alleviating intestinal injury in septic mice via polyamine-related M2-macrophage polarization.zip

    No full text
    ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to investigate the impact of electro-acupuncture (EA) on sepsis-related intestinal injury and its relationship with macrophage polarization.MethodsA sepsis model was established using cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) to assess the effectiveness of EA. The extent of pathological injury was evaluated using Chiu’s score, the expression of ZO-1 and Ocludin, and the impact on macrophage polarization was examined through flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining. The expression of spermidine, one type of polyamine, and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) was measured using ELISA and PCR. Once the efficacy was determined, a polyamine depletion model was created, and the role of polyamines was reassessed by evaluating efficacy and observing macrophage polarization.ResultsEA treatment reduced the Chiu’s score and increased the expression of ZO-1 and Ocludin in the intestinal tissue of septic mice. It inhibited the secretion of IL-1β and TNF-α, promoted the polarization of M2-type macrophages, increased the secretion of IL-10, and upregulated the expression of Arg-1, spermidine, and ODC. However, after depleting polyamines, the beneficial effects of EA on alleviating intestinal tissue damage and modulating macrophage polarization disappeared.ConclusionThe mechanism underlying the alleviation of intestinal injury associated with CLP-induced sepsis by EA involves with the promotion of M2-type macrophage polarization mediated by spermidine expression.</p

    DataSheet_13_Mechanism of electro-acupuncture in alleviating intestinal injury in septic mice via polyamine-related M2-macrophage polarization.zip

    No full text
    ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to investigate the impact of electro-acupuncture (EA) on sepsis-related intestinal injury and its relationship with macrophage polarization.MethodsA sepsis model was established using cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) to assess the effectiveness of EA. The extent of pathological injury was evaluated using Chiu’s score, the expression of ZO-1 and Ocludin, and the impact on macrophage polarization was examined through flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining. The expression of spermidine, one type of polyamine, and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) was measured using ELISA and PCR. Once the efficacy was determined, a polyamine depletion model was created, and the role of polyamines was reassessed by evaluating efficacy and observing macrophage polarization.ResultsEA treatment reduced the Chiu’s score and increased the expression of ZO-1 and Ocludin in the intestinal tissue of septic mice. It inhibited the secretion of IL-1β and TNF-α, promoted the polarization of M2-type macrophages, increased the secretion of IL-10, and upregulated the expression of Arg-1, spermidine, and ODC. However, after depleting polyamines, the beneficial effects of EA on alleviating intestinal tissue damage and modulating macrophage polarization disappeared.ConclusionThe mechanism underlying the alleviation of intestinal injury associated with CLP-induced sepsis by EA involves with the promotion of M2-type macrophage polarization mediated by spermidine expression.</p

    DataSheet_8_Mechanism of electro-acupuncture in alleviating intestinal injury in septic mice via polyamine-related M2-macrophage polarization.zip

    No full text
    ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to investigate the impact of electro-acupuncture (EA) on sepsis-related intestinal injury and its relationship with macrophage polarization.MethodsA sepsis model was established using cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) to assess the effectiveness of EA. The extent of pathological injury was evaluated using Chiu’s score, the expression of ZO-1 and Ocludin, and the impact on macrophage polarization was examined through flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining. The expression of spermidine, one type of polyamine, and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) was measured using ELISA and PCR. Once the efficacy was determined, a polyamine depletion model was created, and the role of polyamines was reassessed by evaluating efficacy and observing macrophage polarization.ResultsEA treatment reduced the Chiu’s score and increased the expression of ZO-1 and Ocludin in the intestinal tissue of septic mice. It inhibited the secretion of IL-1β and TNF-α, promoted the polarization of M2-type macrophages, increased the secretion of IL-10, and upregulated the expression of Arg-1, spermidine, and ODC. However, after depleting polyamines, the beneficial effects of EA on alleviating intestinal tissue damage and modulating macrophage polarization disappeared.ConclusionThe mechanism underlying the alleviation of intestinal injury associated with CLP-induced sepsis by EA involves with the promotion of M2-type macrophage polarization mediated by spermidine expression.</p

    DataSheet_12_Mechanism of electro-acupuncture in alleviating intestinal injury in septic mice via polyamine-related M2-macrophage polarization.zip

    No full text
    ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to investigate the impact of electro-acupuncture (EA) on sepsis-related intestinal injury and its relationship with macrophage polarization.MethodsA sepsis model was established using cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) to assess the effectiveness of EA. The extent of pathological injury was evaluated using Chiu’s score, the expression of ZO-1 and Ocludin, and the impact on macrophage polarization was examined through flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining. The expression of spermidine, one type of polyamine, and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) was measured using ELISA and PCR. Once the efficacy was determined, a polyamine depletion model was created, and the role of polyamines was reassessed by evaluating efficacy and observing macrophage polarization.ResultsEA treatment reduced the Chiu’s score and increased the expression of ZO-1 and Ocludin in the intestinal tissue of septic mice. It inhibited the secretion of IL-1β and TNF-α, promoted the polarization of M2-type macrophages, increased the secretion of IL-10, and upregulated the expression of Arg-1, spermidine, and ODC. However, after depleting polyamines, the beneficial effects of EA on alleviating intestinal tissue damage and modulating macrophage polarization disappeared.ConclusionThe mechanism underlying the alleviation of intestinal injury associated with CLP-induced sepsis by EA involves with the promotion of M2-type macrophage polarization mediated by spermidine expression.</p

    DataSheet_1_Mechanism of electro-acupuncture in alleviating intestinal injury in septic mice via polyamine-related M2-macrophage polarization.zip

    No full text
    ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to investigate the impact of electro-acupuncture (EA) on sepsis-related intestinal injury and its relationship with macrophage polarization.MethodsA sepsis model was established using cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) to assess the effectiveness of EA. The extent of pathological injury was evaluated using Chiu’s score, the expression of ZO-1 and Ocludin, and the impact on macrophage polarization was examined through flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining. The expression of spermidine, one type of polyamine, and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) was measured using ELISA and PCR. Once the efficacy was determined, a polyamine depletion model was created, and the role of polyamines was reassessed by evaluating efficacy and observing macrophage polarization.ResultsEA treatment reduced the Chiu’s score and increased the expression of ZO-1 and Ocludin in the intestinal tissue of septic mice. It inhibited the secretion of IL-1β and TNF-α, promoted the polarization of M2-type macrophages, increased the secretion of IL-10, and upregulated the expression of Arg-1, spermidine, and ODC. However, after depleting polyamines, the beneficial effects of EA on alleviating intestinal tissue damage and modulating macrophage polarization disappeared.ConclusionThe mechanism underlying the alleviation of intestinal injury associated with CLP-induced sepsis by EA involves with the promotion of M2-type macrophage polarization mediated by spermidine expression.</p

    DataSheet_3_Mechanism of electro-acupuncture in alleviating intestinal injury in septic mice via polyamine-related M2-macrophage polarization.zip

    No full text
    ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to investigate the impact of electro-acupuncture (EA) on sepsis-related intestinal injury and its relationship with macrophage polarization.MethodsA sepsis model was established using cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) to assess the effectiveness of EA. The extent of pathological injury was evaluated using Chiu’s score, the expression of ZO-1 and Ocludin, and the impact on macrophage polarization was examined through flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining. The expression of spermidine, one type of polyamine, and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) was measured using ELISA and PCR. Once the efficacy was determined, a polyamine depletion model was created, and the role of polyamines was reassessed by evaluating efficacy and observing macrophage polarization.ResultsEA treatment reduced the Chiu’s score and increased the expression of ZO-1 and Ocludin in the intestinal tissue of septic mice. It inhibited the secretion of IL-1β and TNF-α, promoted the polarization of M2-type macrophages, increased the secretion of IL-10, and upregulated the expression of Arg-1, spermidine, and ODC. However, after depleting polyamines, the beneficial effects of EA on alleviating intestinal tissue damage and modulating macrophage polarization disappeared.ConclusionThe mechanism underlying the alleviation of intestinal injury associated with CLP-induced sepsis by EA involves with the promotion of M2-type macrophage polarization mediated by spermidine expression.</p
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