Design of reinforced concrete frame structure of exhibition hall

Import 23/08/2017Předmětem bakalářské práce je železobetonová dvoupatrová rámová konstrukce, která má sloužit pro občanskou vybavenost jako výstavní síň. Cílem je navrhnout a posoudit nosné prvky rámové konstrukce, konstrukce schodiště a stropů a založení na základových patkách podle metody mezních stavů, platných norem a konstrukčních zásad. Pro posouzené prvky byly vypracovány výkresy výztuže a stavební výkresy.The subject of Bachelor thesis is two storey reinforced concrete frame structure, which has to serve for civil amenitied as exhibition hall. The aim is to design and assess the support elements of frame structure, the structure of staircase and the ceilings and the foundation on foundation plinths according to the method of limit states, applicable standards and design principles. For assess elements have been created reinforcement drawings and constuction drawings.221 - Katedra konstrukcívýborn

Innovative Insight into O₂/N₂ Permeation Behavior through an Ionomer Film in Cathode Catalyst Layers of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells

It is crucial to clarify the permeation behavior of O2 through the ionomer film for enhancing local O2 transport in cathodes of fuel cells. However, all existing studies mainly deal with pure O2 rather than air. Herein, the permeation behavior of the O2/N2 mixture through the ionomer film has been well explored in view of molecular bond length variations by molecular dynamics simulations. The bond lengths for O2 and N2 are shortened under a low hydration level when permeating through a dense layer with small free voids while no obvious change occurs at higher hydration. In the bulk ionomer region, O2 molecules residing in water domains are energetically unstable because the bond lengths deviate far from the equilibrium length; thus, O2 diffuses through the interfacial or hydrophobic regions. N2 molecules show similar properties with O2. This study provides a novel perspective on the permeation behavior of O2 and N2 through the ionomer film, which definitely benefits enhancing local O2 transport

The Experimental Measurement of Local and Bulk Oxygen Transport Resistances in the Catalyst Layer of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Remarkable progress has been made in reducing the cathodic Pt loading of PEMFCs; however, a huge performance loss appears at high current densities, indicating the existence of a large oxygen transport resistance associated with the ultralow Pt loading catalyst layer. To reduce the Pt loading without sacrificing cell performance, it is essential to illuminate the oxygen transport mechanism in the catalyst layer. Toward this goal, an experimental approach to measure the oxygen transport resistance in catalyst layers is proposed and realized for the first time in this study. The measuring approach involves a dual-layer catalyst layer design, which consists of a dummy catalyst layer and a practical catalyst layer, followed by changing the thickness of dummy layer to respectively quantify the local and bulk resistances via limiting current measurements combined with linear extrapolation. The experimental results clearly reveal that the local resistance dominates the total resistance in the catalyst layer

New Potassium–Sodium Niobate Ceramics with a Giant <i>d</i>₃₃

For potassium–sodium niobate, poor piezoelectric properties always perplex most researchers, and then it becomes important to attain a giant piezoelectricity. Here we reported a giant piezoelectric constant in (1 – <i>x</i>)­(K_0.48Na_0.52)­(Nb_0.95Sb_0.05)­O₃-<i>x</i>Bi_0.5Ag_0.5ZrO₃ lead-free ceramics. The rhombohedral-tetragonal phase boundary was shown in the ceramics with 0.04 < <i>x</i> ≤ 0.05, and then the ceramic with <i>x</i> = 0.0425 possesses a giant <i>d</i>₃₃ of ∼490 pC/N. We also discussed the physical mechanisms of enhanced piezoelectricity. As a result, such a research can benefit the sustainable development of (K,Na)­NbO₃ materials

Relationship between <i>LAPTM4B</i> Gene Polymorphism and Prognosis of Patients following Tumor Resection for Colorectal and Esophageal Cancers

<div><p>Background</p><p>Lysosome-associated transmembrane-4 beta (<i>LAPTM4B</i>) is an oncogene that participates tumorgenesis in a variety of human solid tumors, and it has two alleles named as <i>LAPTM4B*1</i> and *<i>2</i>. The present study aimed to identify the association of <i>LAPTM4B</i> genotype with clinicopathological features and prognosis in colorectal and esophageal cancer patients.</p><p>Method</p><p>Genotypes of <i>LAPTM4B</i> were determined by PCR in 167 colon cancer cases (72 patients in a discovery cohort and 95 patients in a testing cohort), 160 rectal cancer cases and 164 esophageal cancer cases. Association between the <i>LAPTM4B</i> gene polymorphism and clinicopathological variables was calculated by Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test. Patient survival differences were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Prognostic factors were determined with Log-rank test and Cox regression model.</p><p>Results</p><p><i>LAPTM4B *1/1</i> was more frequently detected in colon cancer patients with lymph node metastasis and TNM III+IV stages in total colon cancer (discovery + testing cohorts). <i>LAPTM4B *2/2</i> decreased in recurrent patients in total colon cancer patients (<i>P</i> = 0.045). Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Log-rank test showed that <i>LAPTM4B*1</i> was correlated with shorter overall survival (OS) in discovery and testing cohorts of colon cancer (<i>P</i> = 0.0254 and 0.0292, respectively), but not in rectal and esophageal cancer cases (<i>P</i> = 0.7669 and 0.9356, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that <i>LAPTM4B</i> genotype was an independent prognostic factor for OS in total colon cancer [<i>P</i> = 0.004, hazard ratio (HR) = 0.432; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.243–0.768], but not in rectal and esophageal cancers (<i>P</i> = 0.791, HR = 1.073, 95% CI = 0.638–1.804 and 0.998, HR = 1.000, 95% CI = 0.663–1.530, respectively).</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>These findings suggested that <i>LAPTM4B</i> allele *<i>1</i> was a risk factor associated with poor prognosis in patients with colon cancer, but not in patients with rectal or esophageal cancers. <i>LAPTM4B</i> genotype status might be a useful prognostic indicator for patients that need surgical operation in colon cancer.</p></div

Genotypes of <i>LAPTM4B</i> distribution in colorectal and esophageal cancers.

<p>(A) Genotypes of <i>LAPTM4B</i> were separated in 10% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Lanes 1, 2, 4, 8, 11: <i>LAPTM4B *1/2</i>; lanes 3, 5, 6, 9, 10: <i>LAPTM4B *1/1</i>; lanes 7: <i>LAPTM4B *2/2</i>. (B) Distribution of genotypes of <i>LAPTM4B</i> in colorectal and esophageal cancers. <i>LAPTM4B</i> genotypes: *<i>1/1</i>, *<i>1/2</i> and *<i>2/2</i> frequencies were 44.6%, 42.3% and 13.1%, respectively, in colon cancer; 49.4%, 45.6% and 5.0%, respectively, in rectal cancer; 57.9%, 36.6% and 5.5%, respectively, in esophageal cancer. (C) Distribution of alleles of <i>LAPTM4B</i> in colorectal and esophageal cancers. LAPTM4B *1 allele frequency was 65.8% in colon cancer; 72.2% in rectal cancer and 76.2% in esophageal cancer. And <i>LAPTM4B *2</i> allele frequency was 34.2% in colon cancer; 27.8% in rectal cancer and 23.8% in esophageal cancer.</p

Kaplan-Meier survival curves for survival comparison of rectal and esophageal cancer patients undergone surgery resection based on <i>LAPTM4B</i> genotypes and alleles.

<p>Overall survival (OS) after surgery resection based on: (A and B) <i>LAPTM4B</i> genotypes and alleles in rectal cancer (<i>P</i> = 0.7418 and 0.7669), respectively. (C and D) <i>LAPTM4B</i> genotypes and alleles in esophageal cancer (<i>P</i> = 0.8520 and 0.9356), respectively.</p

Multivariate analysis of the prognostic factors in colorectal and esophageal cancer patients by Cox proportional hazard regression model.

<p>Multivariate analysis of the prognostic factors in colorectal and esophageal cancer patients by Cox proportional hazard regression model.</p

Univariate analysis of the prognostic factors in colorectal and esophageal cancer patients by Log-rank test.

<p>Univariate analysis of the prognostic factors in colorectal and esophageal cancer patients by Log-rank test.</p

Correlation of Distribution of various genotypes of <i>LAPTM4B</i> with clinicopathological parameters in colorectal and esophageal cancer patients.

<p>Correlation of Distribution of various genotypes of <i>LAPTM4B</i> with clinicopathological parameters in colorectal and esophageal cancer patients.</p