Frustration of Condensed Phase Aggregation of Naphthalocyanine by Dendritic Site-Isolation

Frustration of Condensed Phase Aggregation of Naphthalocyanine by Dendritic Site-Isolatio

Effects of dietary chitosan oligosaccharides supplementation on meat quality, chemical composition and anti-oxidant capacity in frizzled chickens

The aim of this study was to evaluate dietary chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) supplementation on meat quality, chemical composition and oxidative stability in frizzled chickens. A total of 360 one-day-old female frizzled chickens with an average body weight of 34.38 ± 1.23 g were randomly allocated to four groups with six replications (10 chickens/replication) in this 84-day experiment. The chickens in the control group (CON) fed the basal diet and the other three experimental diets were based on the basal diet with 300, 600 and 900 mg/kg COS supplementation, respectively. The results indicated that dietary COS increased growth performance, eviscerated and breast muscle yield while decreased abdominal fat yield, accompanied with increasing pH45min, pH24h, Lightness, drip loss and cooking loss in breast and thigh muscle. The scavenging activity of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical and 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) diammonium salt, the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in breast and thigh muscle were improved by COS while malondialdehyde content was decreased. COS up-regulated the gene expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, heme oxygenase-1, NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1, SOD, CAT and GSH-Px in breast and thigh muscle. In conclusion, dietary COS supplementation improved meat quality by improving pH, colour, water holding capacity and anti-oxidant capacity, accompanied with decreased lipid metabolism in frizzled chickens. Dietary 600 mg/kg COS was recommended in frizzled chickens’ diet to improve meat quality.HighlightsCOS improves growth performance of frizzled chickens.COS improves meat quality of frizzled chickens.COS enhances anti-oxidant capacity of frizzled chickens’ meat. COS improves growth performance of frizzled chickens. COS improves meat quality of frizzled chickens. COS enhances anti-oxidant capacity of frizzled chickens’ meat.</p

Asymmetric Phthalocyanine Synthesis by ROMP-Capture-Release

Statistical condensation of norbornenyl-tagged phthalonitrile 3 (Pn A) and 4,5-di-4-methoxyphenoxyphthalonitrile 4 (Pn B) followed by ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of Pcs AB3 and B4 produced asymmetric Pc-appended polymers. Acidic cleavage of the resulting polymers afforded 2,3,9,10,16,17-hexa-(4-methoxyphenoxy)-23-hydroxy Pc 9. A more soluble 2,3,9,10,16,17-hexa-4-pentylphenoxy-23-hydroxy Pc 13 was synthesized by the same strategy and modified with sebacoyl chloride demonstrating that the unmasked hydroxyl site is reactive as a nucleophile

Functional Solution Composed of Cu(I) Salt and Ionic Liquids to Separate Propylene from Propane

We prepared a new class of functional solutions by dissolving CuCl or CuBr into 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([BMIM]­[Br]) or 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([EMIM]­[Br]). We determined experimentally the solubility of propylene and propane in such solutions respectively at 1–8 bar and 298–313 K, and investigated the separation of propylene from propylene/propane mixture. The absorption capacity and selectivity for propylene were enhanced with the addition of Cu­(I) salt and were affected by cationic side chain and anionic species following this order [EMIM]­[Br]-CuCl < [EMIM]­[Br]-CuBr < [BMIM]­[Br]-CuCl < [BMIM]­[Br]-CuBr. It was observed that this absorption was a chemical nature through π-interaction between Cu­(I) cation and propylene. In a typical result, the absorption capacity for propylene of [BMIM]­[Br]-CuBr (Cu­(I) cation, 1.5 M) is 0.13 mol/L at 298 K and 1 bar while it is 0.01 mol/L for propane with a selectivity of 13, which is comparable to those absorption systems with more expensive silver salts; the selectivity is high, up to 64.6 for 80 mol % propylene mixture with propane. The effects of temperature and pressure on absorption were investigated. Such systems of Cu­(I) salt and ionic liquids are potential absorption reagents for separation of propylene and propane with competitive cost to silver systems

Isobaric Vapor–Liquid Equilibrium for Methanol + Dimethyl Carbonate + 1‑Butyl-3-methylimidazolium Dibutylphosphate

Isobaric vapor–liquid equilibrium at 101.3 kPa for the ternary system methanol + dimethyl carbonate +1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dibutylphosphate ([BMIM]­[DBP]) and their binary systems are determined using a modified Othmer still. By adding [BMIM]­[DBP] into the azeotropic system of methanol + dimethyl carbonate, the relative volatility of dimethyl carbonate is increased, which might be ascribed to the salting-out effect of [BMIM]­[DBP]. The relative volatility α₂₁ increases with increasing molar fraction of [BMIM]­[DBP]. The azeotropic point disappears when the molar fraction of [BMIM]­[DBP] is above 0.150. The equilibrium data are well fitted by the electrolyte nonrandom two-liquid model

Quorum sensing inhibitors from marine bacteria <i>Oceanobacillus</i> sp. XC22919

<p>In this study, three active compounds isolated from <i>Oceanobacillus</i> sp. XC22919 were identified as 2-methyl-<i>N</i>-(2′-phenylethyl) butyramide (<b>1</b>), 3-methyl-<i>N</i>-(2′-phenylethyl)-butyramide (<b>2</b>) and benzyl benzoate (<b>3</b>), and were first reported to exhibit the apparent quorum sensing inhibitory activities against <i>C.</i> <i>violaceum</i> 026 and <i>P.</i> <i>aeruginosa</i>. Compounds <b>1</b>–<b>3</b> inhibited violacein production of <i>C. violaceum</i> 026 by 10.5–55.7, 11.2–55.7, and 27.2%–95.7%, respectively, and inhibited pyocyanin production of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> by 1.7–50.8, 39.1–90.7, and 57.2%–98.7%, respectively. The azocasein-degrading proteolytic rates of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> were observed by 13.4–31.5, 13.4–28.8, and 11.3%–21.1%, respectively. With respect to elastase, the range of inhibition of activity of compounds <b>1</b>–<b>3</b> was 2.1–30.3, 4.2–18.2, and 8.9%–15.7%, respectively. Compounds <b>1</b> and <b>3</b> also showed a concentration-dependent attenuation in biofilm formation, with the maximum of 50.6% inhibition, and 37.7% inhibition at 100 μg/mL, respectively.</p

Deep Oxidative Desulfurization of Diesel Fuels by Acidic Ionic Liquids

Ionic liquids (ILs), a new class of green solvents, have recently been undergoing intensive research on the removal of thiophenic sulfur species (e.g., dibenzothiophene) from fuels because of the limitation of the traditional hydrodesulfurization method in removing these species. In this work, deep oxidative desulfurization of diesel fuels by six functional acidic ILs are studied, in which ILs are used as both extractant and catalyst, and 30 wt % H2O2 solution as oxidant. These ILs include both Lewis acidic species such as 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride/2ZnCl2 ([C4mim]Cl/2ZnCl2 and [C4mim]Cl/ZnCl2) and Brønsted acidic species such as 1-methyl-3-ethylcarboxylic acid imidazolium hydrogen sulfate ([CH2COOHmim]HSO4), 1-methyl-3-(butyl-4-sulfinate) imidazolium hydrogen sulfate ([SO3H–C4mim]HSO4), [Hmim]HSO4, and [C4mim]HSO4 where different acidic groups such as −H, −COOH, and −SO3H are appended to the cations. Except for [CH2COOHmim]HSO4, both Brønsted and Lewis acidic ILs are capable of effectively removing dibenzothiophene from model diesel fuels, where 100% sulfur removal is obtained for [C4mim]Cl/2ZnCl2 and [SO3H–C4mim]HSO4. The effects of temperature, molar ratio of O/S, mass ratio of IL/oil, and IL regeneration on desulfurization are investigated systematically for [C4mim]Cl/2ZnCl2 and [SO3H–C4mim]HSO4. The desulfurization ability is not sensitive to the mass ratio of IL/oil, which is desired for reducing IL dosage in industrial application; the ILs can be recycled six times with merely a negligible loss in activity. [C4mim]Cl/2ZnCl2 can reduce the sulfur content in real commercial diesel fuel from 64 to 7.9 ppm with a sulfur removal of 87.7%; however, it is not too effective for coke diesel fuel with high initial sulfur content of 5380 ppm. This work tends to show that diesel fuels can be purified to sulfur-free or ultralow sulfur fuels by further deep oxidative desulfurization by using ILs after hydrodesulfurization

Modification of Symmetrically Substituted Phthalocyanines Using Click Chemistry: Phthalocyanine Nanostructures by Nanoimprint Lithography

Phthalocyanines (Pcs) are commonly applied to advanced technologies such as optical limiting, photodynamic therapy (PDT), organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), and organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices, where they are used as the p-type layer. An approach to Pc structural diversity and the incorporation of a functional group that allows fabrication of solvent resistant Pc nanostructures formed by using a newly developed nanoimprint by melt processing (NIMP) technique, a variant of standard nanoimprint lithography (NIL), is reported. Copper(I)-catalyzed azide−alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC), a click chemistry reaction, serves as an approach to structural diversity in Pc macrocycles. We have prepared octaalkynyl Pc 1b and have modified this Pc using the CuAAC reaction to yield four Pc derivatives 5a−5d with different peripheral substituents on the macrocycle. One of these derivatives, 5c, has photo-cross-linkable cinnamate residues, and we have demonstrated the fabrication of robust cross-linked photopatterned and imprinted nanostructures from this material

Determination of Vapor–Liquid Equilibrium of Methyl Acetate + Methanol + 1‑Alkyl-3-methylimidazolium Dialkylphosphates at 101.3 kPa

Isobaric vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE) values at 101.3 kPa of binary methyl acetate + methanol, binary methyl acetate + ionic liquids (ILs), binary methanol + ILs, and ternary methyl acetate + methanol + ILs are measured, where the ILs are 1,3-dimethylimidazolium dimethylphosphate ([MMIM]­[DMP]), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium diethylphosphate ([EMIM]­[DEP]), and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dibutylphosphate ([BMIM]­[DBP]). The azeotropic point of methyl acetate + methanol is removed with addition of ILs, and [MMIM]­[DMP] gives the largest effect, followed by [EMIM]­[DEP] and [BMIM]­[DBP]. Salting-out effect from ILs is observed where the relative volatility of methyl acetate is increased. The minimum amount of such phosphate ILs required to break the azeotropic point is remarkably less than that of some other ILs; also such phosphate ILs are fluorine-free and easily prepared with cheaper starting materials. The experimental VLE data are correlated well with electrolyte NRTL model

Table_2_Multidimensional features of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in the elderly: a case report and systematic review.docx

BackgroundAs a rare neurodegenerative disease, sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) is poorly understood in the elderly populace. This study aims to enunciate the multidimensional features of sCJD in this group.MethodsA case of probable sCJD was reported in a 90-year-old Chinese man with initial dizziness. Then, available English literature of the elderly sCJD cases (aged 80 years and over) was reviewed and analyzed. Patients (15 cases) were subdivided and compared geographically.ResultsIn the elderly sCJD cohort, the onset age was 84.9 ± 4.5 years and the median disease duration was 6.8 months, with respiratory infection/failure as the commonest death cause. Various clinical symptoms were identified, with cognitive disorder (86.7%) as the commonest typical symptom and speech impairment (66.7%) as the most atypical one. Restricted hyperintensities were reported in 60.0% cases on DWI, periodic sharp wave complexes in 73.3% cases on electroencephalogram, and cerebral hypoperfusion/hypometabolism in 26.7% cases on molecular imaging. The sensitive cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers were total tau (83.3%), 14-3-3 protein (75.0%), and PrP RT-QuIC (75.0%). Neuropathological profiles in the cerebral cortex revealed vacuolar spongiosis, neuronal loss, gliosis, and aging-related markers, with synaptic deposit as the commonest PrP pattern (60.0%). The polymorphic PRNP analysis at codon 129 was M/M (90.9%), with MM1 and MM2C as the primary molecular phenotypes. Latency to first clinic visit, hyperintense signals on DWI, and disease duration were significantly different between the patient subgroups.ConclusionThe characteristics of sCJD are multidimensional in the elderly, deepening our understanding of the disease and facilitating an earlier recognition and better care for this group.</p