Species-Dependent Degradation of Ciprofloxacin in a Membrane Anodic Fenton System

The anodic Fenton treatment method (AFT) has been successfully applied to the removal of ciprofloxacin (CIP), a widely used fluoroquinolone antibiotic, from aqueous solution. Degradation kinetics were found to be species dependent. At initial pH 3.2, CIP remained in its cationic form and the kinetics followed a previously developed AFT model. At an initial near-neutral pH, CIP speciation changed during the degradation, due to pH changes over the process, and no obvious model fit the data. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicated a protonated species-dependent reaction affinity toward hydroxyl radicals. A new model based on the AFT model with the addition of species distribution during the degradation was derived, and it was shown to describe the degradation kinetics successfully. Degradation of reference compounds further confirmed that the free carboxylic acid group, which contributes to the species changes, plays a key role in the observed degradation pattern. Furthermore, degradation of reference CIP−metal complexes confirmed that the formation of these complexes does not have a major effect on the degradation pattern. Optimization of CIP degradation was carried out at pH 3.2 with an optimal H2O2/Fe2+ ratio found between 10:1 and 15:1. Three degradation pathways based on mass spectrometry data were also proposed: (1) hydroxylation and defluorination on the aromatic ring; (2) oxidative decarboxylation; and (3) oxidation on the piperazine ring and dealkylation. By the end of the AFT treatment, neither CIP nor its degradation products were detected, indicating successful removal of antibacterial properties

Benzyne Cascade Reactions via Benzoxetenonium Ions and Their Rearrangements to <i>o</i>‑Quinone Methides

A new thermal isomerization of polyynes is described. Benzyne intermediates substituted by a C­(RR′)­OR′′ substituent adjacent to one of the benzyne sp-hybridized carbons give rise to products in which the OR′ moiety has migrated to the proximal benzyne carbon. This process likely proceeds via sequential formation of multiple reactive intermediates: an initial thermally generated benzyne, a strained benzoxetenonium ion, and an o-quinone methide. As some examples demonstrate, the overall transformation can be quite efficient. The mechanism of this novel reaction is further supported by experiments and DFT calculations

Image_1_Midfrontal Theta and Posterior Parietal Alpha Band Oscillations Support Conflict Resolution in a Masked Affective Priming Task.TIF

<p>Past attempts to characterize the neural mechanisms of affective priming have conceptualized it in terms of classic cognitive conflict, but have not examined the neural oscillatory mechanisms of subliminal affective priming. Using behavioral and electroencephalogram (EEG) time frequency (TF) analysis, the current study examines the oscillatory dynamics of unconsciously triggered conflict in an emotional facial expressions version of the masked affective priming task. The results demonstrate that the power dynamics of conflict are characterized by increased midfrontal theta activity and suppressed parieto-occipital alpha activity. Across-subject and within-trial correlation analyses further confirmed this pattern. Phase synchrony and Granger causality analyses (GCAs) revealed that the fronto-parietal network was involved in unconscious conflict detection and resolution. Our findings support a response conflict account of affective priming, and reveal the role of the fronto-parietal network in unconscious conflict control.</p

sj-docx-1-jtr-10.1177_00472875221143479 – Supplemental material for Sustainable Adaptation Planning for Cultural Heritage in Coastal Tourism Destinations Under Climate Change: A Mixed-Paradigm of Preservation and Conservation Optimization

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-jtr-10.1177_00472875221143479 for Sustainable Adaptation Planning for Cultural Heritage in Coastal Tourism Destinations Under Climate Change: A Mixed-Paradigm of Preservation and Conservation Optimization by Xiao Xiao, Peizhe Li and Erin Seekamp in Journal of Travel Research</p

Data and Code

This package contains code and a subset of data to replicate the analyses in our paper, A process-independent explanation for the general form of Taylor's Law, by X. Xiao, K. J. Locey, and E. P. White

Reactions of HDDA-Derived Benzynes with Perylenes: Rapid Construction of Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds

Benzynes produced by the thermal cycloisomerization of tetrayne substrates [i.e., by the hexadehydro-Diels–Alder (HDDA) reaction] react with perylenes to produce novel naphthoperylene derivatives. Cyclic voltammetry and absorption and emission properties of these compounds are described. DFT studies shed additional light on the dearomatization that accompanies the reaction as well as some of the spectroscopic behavior

Comparison of experimental results of different learning rate schedulers on Cifar-10.

Comparison of experimental results of different learning rate schedulers on Cifar-10.</p

The metabolites of early response in renal IRI.

<p>C57BL/6 mice were subjected to sham operation or 25 minutes of bilateral renal ischemia with 2 hours, 48 hours, and 1 week of reperfusion. The renal cortex, renal medulla, and plasma samples were collected at sacrifice for metabolite profiling. (A) The increased or decreased chemicals in the kidney and the plasma at 2 hour reperfusion time. Group I: The chemicals showed significantly changes in both kidney and plasma (P<0.05). Group II: The chemicals were significantly changed in either kidney or plasma (P<0.05), but less significantly changed in the other (0.05</p