Editor\u27s Notes, Chiba Medical Journal 90-1

Multiple sequence alignment of deduced amino acid sequences of 25 wheat annexin genes with rice annexin OsAnn2 (Os05g31760) obtained by ClustalW. (PDF 212 kb

Data_Sheet_1_The Central Circadian Clock Protein TaCCA1 Regulates Seedling Growth and Spike Development in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).docx

The biological functions of the circadian clock on growth and development have been well elucidated in model plants, while its regulatory roles in crop species, especially the roles on yield-related traits, are poorly understood. In this study, we characterized the core clock gene CIRCADIAN CLOCK-ASSOCIATED 1 (CCA1) homoeologs in wheat and studied their biological functions in seedling growth and spike development. TaCCA1 homoeologs exhibit typical diurnal expression patterns, which are positively regulated by rhythmic histone modifications including histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3), histone H3 lysine 9 acetylation (H3K9Ac), and histone H3 lysine 36 trimethylation (H3K36me3). TaCCA1s are preferentially located in the nucleus and tend to form both homo- and heterodimers. TaCCA1 overexpression (TaCCA1-OE) transgenic wheat plants show disrupted circadian rhythmicity coupling with reduced chlorophyll and starch content, as well as biomass at seedling stage, also decreased spike length, grain number per spike, and grain size at the ripening stage. Further studies using DNA affinity purification followed by deep sequencing [DNA affinity purification and sequencing (DAP-seq)] indicated that TaCCA1 preferentially binds to sequences similarly to “evening elements” (EE) motif in the wheat genome, particularly genes associated with photosynthesis, carbon utilization, and auxin homeostasis, and decreased transcriptional levels of these target genes are observed in TaCCA1-OE transgenic wheat plants. Collectively, our study provides novel insights into a circadian-mediated mechanism of gene regulation to coordinate photosynthetic and metabolic activities in wheat, which is important for optimal plant growth and crop yield formation.</p

Additional file 1: Table S1. of Comprehensive analyses of the annexin gene family in wheat

Information on annexin sequences identified in the T.aestivum, T.urartu, A.tauschii and H.vulgare. (PDF 40 kb

Additional file 11: Table S6. of Comprehensive analyses of the annexin gene family in wheat

Putative cis-elements in the 2 kb upstream promoter region of translation start site in wheat annexin genes. (PDF 13 kb

Additional file 12: Figure S6. of Comprehensive analyses of the annexin gene family in wheat

Expression of TaAnn10 and TaCDPK15 in male sterile line BS366 under sterile and fertile condition. (PDF 129 kb

Additional file 9: Figure S4. of Comprehensive analyses of the annexin gene family in wheat

Sequence aligment and logos of four annexin domains in the dicots and monocots. (PDF 1110 kb

Additional file 5: Figure S2. of Comprehensive analyses of the annexin gene family in wheat

Phylogenetic analysis and predicted structure of annexin proteins of 9 monocots plant and 7 discots plant. (PDF 484 kb

Additional file 13: of Comprehensive analyses of the annexin gene family in wheat

Full set of annexin sequences from wheat (T. aestivum), barely (H.vulgare), T.urartu and A.tauschii. (PDF 208 kb

Additional file 2: Table S2. of Comprehensive analyses of the annexin gene family in wheat

Description of T.aestivum, T.urartu, A.tauschii and H.vulgare annexin genes. (PDF 46 kb