Dampak Pembangunan Infrastruktur Perdesaan Pada Program PNPM Mandiri Perdesaan Di Kabupaten Toli Toli

The purpose of this study was to determine the Development Impact of Rural Infrastructure in PNPM RuralProgram in Toli-Toli. Research conducted on the implementation of PNPM Rural Program in Toli-Toli forfiscal year 2007 and 2008.Primary data obtained from interviews with relevant parties and direct observation in the field, then the datais processed with Descriptive Analysis.The results showed the impact of rural infrastructure development in poor communities in Toli Toli, namely:increasing revenue, impoving public education, improving health and improving the public midset. Impact onvillage institutions, namely: the function and role of local government to be effective, institutions ofparticipatory development and improvement of the quality of facilities.and social infrastructure andeconomic base of societ

Additional file 1 of Prognostic and immune infiltration features of disulfidptosis-related subtypes in breast cancer

Supplementary Material

A Conjugate Gradient Algorithm with Function Value Information and N-Step Quadratic Convergence for Unconstrained Optimization

<div><p>It is generally acknowledged that the conjugate gradient (CG) method achieves global convergence—with at most a linear convergence rate—because CG formulas are generated by linear approximations of the objective functions. The quadratically convergent results are very limited. We introduce a new PRP method in which the restart strategy is also used. Moreover, the method we developed includes not only n-step quadratic convergence but also both the function value information and gradient value information. In this paper, we will show that the new PRP method (with either the Armijo line search or the Wolfe line search) is both linearly and quadratically convergent. The numerical experiments demonstrate that the new PRP algorithm is competitive with the normal CG method.</p></div

The performance of Algorithm 4.1 and Algorithm N on NFG.

<p>The performance of Algorithm 4.1 and Algorithm N on NFG.</p

Definition of the benchmark problems and their features.

<p>Definition of the benchmark problems and their features.</p

Green and Efficient Resolution of Racemic Ofloxacin Using Tartaric Acid Derivatives via Forming Cocrystal in Aqueous Solution

The separation of chiral compounds into their enantiomers is widely used in the pharmaceutical industry. Two types of environmentally benign tartaric acid derivatives, <i>O</i>,<i>O</i>′-dibenzoyl-(2<i>S</i>,3<i>S</i>)-tartaric acid (d-DBTA) and <i>O</i>,<i>O</i>′-dibenzoyl-(2<i>R</i>,3<i>R</i>)-tartaric acid (l-DBTA), were selected as efficient chiral selectors for the separation of racemic ofloxacin by forming diastereomeric cocrystal pairs in the aqueous phase. Effects of the type of chiral selectors, resolution time, the amounts of racemic ofloxacin, and temperature on the resolution performance of ofloxacin were investigated. The results indicated that d-DBTA selectively cocrystallized with the <i>R</i>-enantiomer (<i>R</i>-OFLX), while l-DBTA selectively cocrystallized with the <i>S</i>-enantiomer (<i>S</i>-OFLX) in the aqueous phase. Under the optimal conditions, the enantiomer excesses (% ee) reached up to 81.8% ee and 82.3% ee for <i>S</i>-OFLX and <i>R</i>-OFLX at 278.2 K, respectively. The stoichiometric ratio of d-DBTA or l-DBTA to <i>R</i>-ofloxacin or <i>S</i>-ofloxacin in cocrystals was 1:1. Various characterization and calculation methods, such as powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and density functional theory (DFT), were performed for the study of the resolution mechanism, the results of which demonstrated that the cocrystals were formed by hydrogen bonding between d-DBTA or l-DBTA and ofloxacin. Compared with previous studies, the proposed separation process was not only environmentally benign but also beneficial to increasing % ee. The proposed method has explored a new path for green and efficient separation of racemic compounds that cannot form salts

Image_1_HSP27 Protein Dampens Encephalomyocarditis Virus Replication by Stabilizing Melanoma Differentiation-Associated Gene 5.TIF

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a protein family that respond to physiological stress, such as heat, starvation, and infection. As cellular protein chaperones, they play an important role in protein folding, assembly, and degradation. Though it is well known that HSP27 is involved in a range of viral infections, its role during an encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) infection is not known. Here, we report that EMCV degrades HSP27 and that EMCV proteins 2Cpro and 3Apro are primarily responsible for its degradation. Consequently, loss of cellular HSP27 augmented EMCV proliferation, an effect that could be reversed upon HSP27 overexpression. Importantly, we found that HSP27 positively regulated EMCV-triggered type I interferon (IFN) production. Moreover, overexpression of 2Cpro and 3Apro significantly blocked type I IFN production. We also found for the first time that HSP27, as a molecular chaperone, can specifically interact with MDA5 and stabilize the expression of MDA5. Collectively, this study shows that HSP27 dampens EMCV infectivity by positively regulating EMCV-triggered retinoic acid-inducible gene (RIG)-I-like receptor (RLR)/melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) signal pathway, while EMCV proteins 2Cpro and 3Apro interact with HSP27 and degrade HSP27 protein expression to allow EMCV proliferation. Our findings provide further mechanistic evidence for EMCV partaking in immune escape mechanisms, and that 2Cpro and 3Apro could serve as potential antiviral targets.</p

Image_2_HSP27 Protein Dampens Encephalomyocarditis Virus Replication by Stabilizing Melanoma Differentiation-Associated Gene 5.TIF

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a protein family that respond to physiological stress, such as heat, starvation, and infection. As cellular protein chaperones, they play an important role in protein folding, assembly, and degradation. Though it is well known that HSP27 is involved in a range of viral infections, its role during an encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) infection is not known. Here, we report that EMCV degrades HSP27 and that EMCV proteins 2Cpro and 3Apro are primarily responsible for its degradation. Consequently, loss of cellular HSP27 augmented EMCV proliferation, an effect that could be reversed upon HSP27 overexpression. Importantly, we found that HSP27 positively regulated EMCV-triggered type I interferon (IFN) production. Moreover, overexpression of 2Cpro and 3Apro significantly blocked type I IFN production. We also found for the first time that HSP27, as a molecular chaperone, can specifically interact with MDA5 and stabilize the expression of MDA5. Collectively, this study shows that HSP27 dampens EMCV infectivity by positively regulating EMCV-triggered retinoic acid-inducible gene (RIG)-I-like receptor (RLR)/melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) signal pathway, while EMCV proteins 2Cpro and 3Apro interact with HSP27 and degrade HSP27 protein expression to allow EMCV proliferation. Our findings provide further mechanistic evidence for EMCV partaking in immune escape mechanisms, and that 2Cpro and 3Apro could serve as potential antiviral targets.</p

sj-pdf-1-jap-10.1177_10783903221140329 – Supplemental material for How Do Presenteeism and Family Functioning Affect the Association Between Chinese Nurses’ Job Stress and Intention to Stay?

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-jap-10.1177_10783903221140329 for How Do Presenteeism and Family Functioning Affect the Association Between Chinese Nurses’ Job Stress and Intention to Stay? by Zheng Ren, Yan Sun, Xiangrong Li, Minfu He, Hong Shi, Hanfang Zhao, Yuyu Li, Yajiao Pu, Hongjian Liu and Xiumin Zhang in Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association</p

DataSheet1_The Mediating Role of Extra-family Social Relationship Between Personality and Depressive Symptoms Among Chinese Adults.docx

Objectives: This study aims to explore the associations of personality traits and extra-family social relationship with depressive symptoms among Chinese adults.Methods: A nationally representative sample of 29,810 adults aged 16 and above were selected from 2018 CFPS. Personality and depressive symptoms were measured using CBF-PI-15 and the CES-D8 scale. Extra-family social relationship was assessed through the self-rated evaluation. The multiple regression analysis and the PROCESS macro were used for the mediation analysis.Results: Extraversion (OR = 0.807, 95% CI = 0.773, 0.842), agreeableness (OR = 0.795, 95% CI = 0.756, 0.835) and extra-family social relationship (OR = 0.927, 95% CI = 0.913, 0.941) had negative associations with depressive symptoms. Extra-family social relationship could mediate between extraversion and depressive symptoms (Indirect effect = −0.049,95% CI = −0.060, −0.039) as well as agreeableness (Indirect effect = −0.056, 95% CI = −0.068, −0.046) and depressive symptoms. Comparing to females, the indirect effect accounts for a higher proportion of total effect in males.Conclusion: Extra-family social relationship might mediate the association between extraversion and depressive symptoms as well as agreeableness and depressive symptoms.</p