System Reliability and Component Importance Under Dependence: A Copula Approach

<p>System reliability and component importance are of great interest in reliability modeling, especially when the components within the system are dependent. We characterize the influence of dependence structures on system reliability and component importance in coherent systems with discrete marginal distributions. The effects of dependence are captured through copula theory. We extend our framework to coherent multi-state system. Applications of the derived results are demonstrated using a Gaussian copula, which yields simple interpretations. Simulations and two examples are presented to demonstrate the importance of modeling dependence when estimating system reliability and ranking of component importance. Proofs, algorithms, code, and data are provided in supplementary materials available online.</p

Porosity Enhancement of Carbazolic Porous Organic Frameworks Using Dendritic Building Blocks for Gas Storage and Separation

We report a facile synthesis of carbazolic porous organic frameworks (Cz-POFs) via FeCl₃ promoted oxidative polymerization. Using bulky, dendritic building blocks with high connectivity, the porosity of Cz-POFs was significantly enhanced. Specifically, Cz-POF-1 and Cz-POF-3 show high surface areas of 2065 and 1927 m² g^–1, respectively. These surface areas are 3.1 and 2.1 times larger than those of Cz-POF-2 and Cz-POF-4 constructed from less branched building blocks, respectively. At 1 bar and 273 K, Cz-POF-3 exhibits the highest CO₂ uptake (21.0 wt %) and CH₄ uptake (2.54 wt %), while Cz-POF-1 has the highest H₂ uptake (2.24 wt %) at 77 K. These values are among the highest reported for porous organic polymers. In addition, Cz-POFs exhibit good ideal CO₂/N₂ selectivities (19–37) and CO₂/CH₄ selectivities (4.4–7.1) at 273 K, showing great promise for gas storage and separation applications

Carbazolic Porous Organic Framework as an Efficient, Metal-Free Visible-Light Photocatalyst for Organic Synthesis

We report the visible-light-promoted photocatalytic activity of a highly porous carbazolic organic framework, Cz-POF-1, toward three prototypic organic transformations: net reductive dehalogenation of phenacyl bromide and its derivatives, net oxidative hydroxylation of arylboronic acids, and redox-neutral α-alkylation of aldehydes. We show that the extended π-conjugation in Cz-POF-1 enhances its visible light absorption, and the large porosity accelerates the reaction rate. For α-alkylation of aldehydes, Cz-POF-1 requires less strict reaction conditions and can be easily recovered and reused for up to 10 times. This work reveals a bright future for Cz-POFs as a new generation of metal-free photocatalysts for organic synthesis

Self-Supported BINOL-Derived Phosphoric Acid Based on a Chiral Carbazolic Porous Framework

The facile synthesis of a porous heterogeneous BINOL-derived chiral phosphoric acid BiCz-POF-1 using the mild, FeCl₃-promoted oxidative polymerization is reported. For the first time, carbazole is introduced at the 3,3′-positions of the chiral BINOL-derived phosphoric acid to (1) offer steric hindrance for achieving a high enantioselectivity and (2) serve as a cross-linker for the construction of the porous solid catalyst. BiCz-POF-1 exhibits remarkable catalytic activity and enantioselectivity toward transfer hydrogenation of 1,4-benzoxazine, 1,4-benzoxazinone, and 2-phenylquinolone. Combined with its facile synthesis and excellent recyclability, BiCz-POF-1 represents a new class of heterogeneous chiral phosphoric acid that has wide potential utility in enantioselective organocatalysis

Supplementary document for High-capacity and multi-dimensional orbital angular momentum multiplexing holography - 6510670.pdf

Supplementary Material

Chapter 10: Mining Genome-Wide Genetic Markers

<div><p>Genome-wide association study (GWAS) aims to discover genetic factors underlying phenotypic traits. The large number of genetic factors poses both computational and statistical challenges. Various computational approaches have been developed for large scale GWAS. In this chapter, we will discuss several widely used computational approaches in GWAS. The following topics will be covered: (1) An introduction to the background of GWAS. (2) The existing computational approaches that are widely used in GWAS. This will cover single-locus, epistasis detection, and machine learning methods that have been recently developed in biology, statistic, and computer science communities. This part will be the main focus of this chapter. (3) The limitations of current approaches and future directions.</p> </div

Extraction, identification and antioxidant activity of proanthocyanidins from <i>Larix gmelinii</i> Bark

<div><p>This study was intended to extract and identify the proanthocyanidins from <i>Larix gmelinii</i> bark. Different extraction methods and degreasing methods were investigated. The content of proanthocyanidins, antioxidant activities and FT-IR analysis were used to evaluate and identify these extracts. The ultrasonic-assisted extracts displayed a higher content of proanthocyanidins and antioxidant activity than supercritical carbon dioxide extracts. The defatted extracts displayed a higher content of proanthocyanidins and antioxidant activity than un-defatted extracts. DPPH radical-scavenging capacity of extracts (29.88 μg mL^− 1) was higher than <i>V</i>_C (36.04 μg mL^− 1), and the inhibition effect of lipid peroxidation of extracts (15%) was higher than <i>V</i>_C (13%) and <i>V</i>_E (11%). The FT-IR analysis revealed that the main phenolic compounds were almost the same as proanthocyanidin standards.</p></div

Contingency table for a single SNP and a phenotype .

<p>Contingency table for a single SNP and a phenotype .</p

The index array for efficient retrieval of the candidate SNP-pairs.

<p>The index array for efficient retrieval of the candidate SNP-pairs.</p

Fine Tuning the Redox Potentials of Carbazolic Porous Organic Frameworks for Visible-Light Photoredox Catalytic Degradation of Lignin <i>β-</i>O‑4 Models

We report a facile approach to fine tune the redox potentials of π-conjugated porous organic frameworks (POFs) by copolymerizing carbazolic electron donor (D) and electron acceptor (A) based comonomers at different ratios. The resulting carbazolic copolymers (CzCPs) exhibit a wide range of redox potentials that are comparable to common transition-metal complexes and are used in the stepwise photocatalytic degradation of lignin β-O-4 models. With the strongest oxidative capability, CzCP100 (D:A = 0:100) exhibits the highest efficiency for the oxidation of benzylic β-O-4 alcohols, while the highly reductive CzCP33 (D:A = 66:33) gives the highest yield for the reductive cleavage of β-O-4 ketones. CzCPs also exhibit excellent stability and recyclability and represent a class of promising heterogeneous photocatalysts for the production of fine chemicals from sustainable lignocellulosic biomass