Coevolution of Trust and Helping Behavior: A Social Network Examination of Dyadic and Third‐Party Influences

ABSTRACTTrust and helping both reflect positive relationships between organizational members and are vital to organizational success. Although prior research has demonstrated their connection with each other, most studies have examined trust and helping behavior in a static manner. Relatedly, although recent research has started to utilize network methods to consider the role of the surrounding social context in shaping trust, these inquiries remain limited by a static, aggregate view, looking at network structures such as one's network size or position in the network. The current study aims to advance our understanding by examining how trust and helping behaviors coevolve dynamically within social networks, incorporating both dyadic and triadic (third‐party) influences. Integrating social information processing theory with social exchange theory, the current study explores how individuals develop trust and engage in helping behaviors in a triad through interacting with each other and observing the informational and social elements in the triad. Based on three‐wave social network data from a Chinese hospital, we used stochastic actor–based modeling to examine the dynamic coevolution of trust and helping ties over time. The results demonstrated that trust and helping networks evolve reciprocally, influenced by the types of relationships and agents involved. Specifically, interpersonal helping fosters trust within dyads, and trust can be transferred through third‐party connections. Employees are more likely to trust a coworker when they receive indirect help from the coworker or when the coworker engages in helping behaviors with others. Employees also tend to help a coworker when both are trusted by a third party. Overall, these results highlight the importance of third‐party influences in shaping trust and helping behaviors, offering new insights for both theory and practice

Structure of the Carboxy-Terminal Fragment of the Apo-Biotin Carboxyl Carrier Subunit of <i>Escherichia coli</i> Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase^†

The biotin carboxyl carrier protein (BCCP) is a subunit of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, a biotin-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the first committed step of fatty acid biosynthesis. In its functional cycle the biotin carboxyl carrier protein engages in heterologous protein−protein interactions with three distinct partners, depending on its state of posttranslational modification. Apo-BCCP interacts specifically with the biotin holoenzyme synthetase, BirA, which results in the posttranslational attachment of biotin to an essential lysine residue on BCCP. Holo-BCCP then interacts with the biotin carboxylase subunit, which leads to the addition of the carboxylate group of bicarbonate to biotin. Finally, the carboxybiotinylated form of BCCP interacts with transcarboxylase in the conversion of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA. The determinants of protein−protein interaction specificity in this system are unknown. One hypothesis is that posttranslational modification of BCCP may result in conformational changes that regulate specific protein−protein interactions. To test this hypothesis, we have determined the NMR solution structure of the unbiotinylated form of an 87 residue C-terminal domain fragment of BCCP (apoBCCP87) from Escherichia coli acetyl-CoA carboxylase and compared this structure with the high-resolution structure of the biotinylated form that was recently solved by X-ray crystallographic techniques. Although the overall folding of the two proteins is highly similar, small structural differences are apparent for residues of the biotin-binding loop that may be important for mediating specific protein−protein interactions

3D Printing Silk Fibroin/Polyacrylamide Triple-Network Composite Hydrogels with Stretchability, Conductivity, and Strain-Sensing Ability as Bionic Electronic Skins

Electronic skins have received increasing attention due to their great application potential in wearable electronics. Meanwhile, tremendous efforts are still needed for the fabrication of multifunctional composite hydrogels with complex structures for electronic skins via simple methods. In this work, a novel three-dimensional (3D) printing composite hydrogel with stretchability, conductivity, and strain-sensing ability is produced using a one-step photocuring method to achieve a dual-signal response of the electronic skin. The composite hydrogel exhibits a triple-network structure composed of silk microfibers (SMF), regenerated silk fibroin (RSF), and polyacrylamide (PAM). The establishment of triple networks is based on the electrostatic interaction between SMF and RSF, as well as the chemically cross-linked RSF and PAM. Thanks to its specific structure and components, the composite hydrogel possesses enhanced mechanical properties (elastic modulus of 140 kPa, compressive stress of 21 MPa, and compression modulus of 600 kPa) and 3D printability while retaining stretchability and flexibility. The interaction between negatively charged SMF and cations in phosphate-buffered saline endows the composite hydrogel with good conductivity and strain-sensing ability after immersion in a low-concentration (10 mM) salt solution. Moreover, the 3D printing composite hydrogel scaffold successfully realizes real-time monitoring. Therefore, the proposed hydrogel-based ionic sensor is promising for skin tissue engineering, real-time monitoring, soft robotics, and human–machine interfaces

Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells through Suppressed Nonradiative Charge Carrier Recombination by a Processing Additive

It has been reported that nonradiative charge carrier recombination in hybrid perovskite materials restricts the device performance of perovskite solar cells. In this study, we report efficient perovskite solar cells through suppressed nonradiative charge carrier recombination by a processing additive, aminopropanoic acid. It is found that aminopropanoic acid not only modulates the crystal growth processes but also minimizes the defects of CH3NH3PbI3 thin films. Moreover, the CH3NH3PbI3 thin films processed with the addition of aminopropanoic acid exhibit both enhanced photoluminescence and electroluminescence and elongated charge carrier lifetime, indicating that nonradiative charge carrier recombination within the CH3NH3PbI3 thin films is drastically suppressed. As a result, perovskite solar cells fabricated using the CH3NH3PbI3 thin films processed with the addition of aminopropanoic acid exhibit approximately 15% enhanced efficiency as compared with those made with pristine CH3NH3PbI3 thin films. All of these results demonstrate that our findings provide a facile way to improve the efficiency of perovskite solar cells

Additional file 1 of Coloration differences in three Camellia reticulata Lindl. cultivars: ‘Tongzimian’, ‘Shizitou’ and ‘Damanao’

Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. Correlation coefficients and p-value of ABP and specific function transcripts with transcription factors

Exciton–Phonon Coupling and Low Energy Emission in 2D and Quasi-2D BA₂MA_<i>n</i>–1Pb_<i>n</i>I_3<i>n</i>+1 Thin Films with Improved Phase Purity

Phonon scattering with photogenerated excitons and free charges greatly affects optoelectronic properties of metal halide perovskites and governs their emission line width. Benefiting from the improved phase purity, we are able to analyze exciton–phonon coupling in 2D and quasi-2D BA2MAn–1PbnI3n+1 (n = 1–3) thin films using temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The layer thickness (n value) dependent coupling of free excitons with both acoustic and longitudinal optical (LO) phonons was extracted quantitatively by fitting the temperature-dependent PL line width and band gap. The low energy emissive signatures below free excitons at low temperature might belong to the emission of self-trapped excitons and bounded excitons in structural defects. Our findings provide a systematic picture for the layer thickness (n value) dependent exciton–phonon coupling in 2D and quasi-2D perovskite thin films and could be helpful for improving the optoelectronic performance of devices made by Ruddlesden–Popper perovskite thin films

Image_1_The Interaction Between lncRNA SNHG6 and hnRNPA1 Contributes to the Growth of Colorectal Cancer by Enhancing Aerobic Glycolysis Through the Regulation of Alternative Splicing of PKM.TIF

Background: Small nucleolar RNA host gene 6 (SNHG6) acts as a carcinogenic gene in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, previous studies on the mechanism by which long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) SNHG6 exerts its carcinogenic effect in CRC have not involved the direct interaction between SNHG6 and proteins, which is a very important carcinogenic mechanism of lncRNAs. Hence, our study conducted a comprehensive RNA-binding proteins–mass spectrometry (ChIRP–MS) analysis on SNHG6 to further explore its carcinogenic mechanism in CRC.Methods: Proteins that interact with SNHG6 were found using ChIRP–MS analysis and were used to construct the protein–protein interactive (PPI) network using STRING, while the core module of the PPI network was identified using the MCODE plugin in Cytoscape. Pathway enrichment analyses, using WebGestalt, were performed on proteins and RNAs that were found to be associated with the expression of SNHG6 or which directly interacted with SNHG6. Finally, CatRAPID, miRbase, and TargetScanHuman were used to identify the sites of interaction between SNHG6, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNPA1), and pyruvate kinase M (PKM) mRNA.Results: The expression of SNHG6 in CRC was found to be higher than that of normal tissues and was positively correlated with a poor prognosis (p Conclusion: SNHG6 was found to be able to target the mRNA of PKM as well as induce hnRNPA1 to specifically splice PKM mRNA, which increased the proportion of PKM2/PKM1, which may be an important carcinogenic mechanism in CRC that proceeds through the enhancement of aerobic glycolysis in CRC cells.</p

Additional file 4: of RNA sequencing analysis reveals quiescent microglia isolation methods from postnatal mouse brains and limitations of BV2 cells

Fold changes and average expression level of all transcripts among various isolation methods. (XLSX 4831 kb