Complete mineralization rate of H₂S for different EBRTs as the inlet load increases.

Complete mineralization rate of H2S for different EBRTs as the inlet load increases.</p

H₂S removal profile along the column of the two BTFs at the each inlet loading under the EBRTs.

(a): EBRT = 60s BTFa; (b): EBRT = 60s BTFn; (c): EBRT = 30s BTFa; (d): EBRT = 30s BTFn; (e): EBRT = 15s BTFa; (f): EBRT = 15s BTFn.</p

Principal component analysis of the different communities in the tested BTFs.

<p>Principal component analysis of the different communities in the tested BTFs.</p

Schematic diagram of the biotrickling filter.

<p>(1) H₂S cylinder, (2) Mixing chamber, (3,4) Gas flowmeter, (5) Air compressor, (6) NaOH dosing pump, (7,8) Nutrient tank, (9,10) pH probe, (11,12) Peristaltic pump, (13–15) BTFa-u/m/b port for sampling packing materials, (16–18) BTFn-u/m/b port for sampling packing materials.</p

The relative abundances of main bacterial phylum.

<p>The relative abundances of main bacterial phylum.</p

The heat map of the dominant genus in the two BTFs.

<p>The heat map of the dominant genus in the two BTFs.</p

Assessing dissolved organic matter in the Johannesburg-Sulfur autotrophic denitrification system using excitation—emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy with a parallel factor analysis

<p>A novel system integrating Johannesburg (JHB) and sulfur autotrophic denitrification (SAD) process was proposed with the purpose of efficient removal of organic matter and nitrogen when treating low COD/TN ratio municipal wastewater. The characteristics and fate of dissolved organic matter in the Johannesburg-Sulfur autotrophic denitrification (JHB-SAD) system were investigated using excitation–emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy with a parallel factor analysis. Three components were identified including tryptophan-like (component <i>C</i>₁), tyrosine-like (component <i>C</i>₂), and fulvic-like (component <i>C</i>₃) materials. The tyrosine-like and tryptophan-like materials, which were more abundant than fulvic-like materials, were the dominant components of the raw municipal wastewater in Shenyang North Wastewater Treatment Plant. In the JHB-SAD system, the tyrosine-like and tryptophan-like materials were more efficiently removed than the fulvic-like materials, and the removal efficiencies of the three components were 80.8% (tryptophan-like materials), 72.5% (tyrosine-like materials), and 33.4% (fulvic-like materials), respectively. Furthermore, the removal performance of the three components varied in the different zones of the JHB-SAD system. The tryptophan-like and fulvic-like materials were removed in the pre-anoxic, anaerobic, and aerobic zones. The tyrosine-like materials were mainly degraded in the anoxic and aerobic zones; then, they were released by the bacteria in the SAD reactor. In addition, the tryptophan-like materials had a very significant positive linear correlation with the concentrations of soluble chemical oxygen demand.</p

Phase State Regulates Photochemical HONO Production from NaNO₃/Dicarboxylic Acid Mixtures

Field observations of daytime HONO source strengths have not been well explained by laboratory measurements and model predictions up until now. More efforts are urgently needed to fill the knowledge gaps concerning how environmental factors, especially relative humidity (RH), affect particulate nitrate photolysis. In this work, two critical attributes for atmospheric particles, i.e., phase state and bulk-phase acidity, both influenced by ambient RH, were focused to illuminate the key regulators for reactive nitrogen production from typical internally mixed systems, i.e., NaNO3 and dicarboxylic acid (DCA) mixtures. The dissolution of only few oxalic acid (OA) crystals resulted in a remarkable 50-fold increase in HONO production compared to pure nitrate photolysis at 85% RH. Furthermore, the HONO production rates (PHONO) increased by about 1 order of magnitude as RH rose from <5% to 95%, initially exhibiting an almost linear dependence on the amount of surface absorbed water and subsequently showing a substantial increase in PHONO once nitrate deliquescence occurred at approximately 75% RH. NaNO3/malonic acid (MA) and NaNO3/succinic acid (SA) mixtures exhibited similar phase state effects on the photochemical HONO production. These results offer a new perspective on how aerosol physicochemical properties influence particulate nitrate photolysis in the atmosphere

Additional file 1: of “Yellow-dragon Wonderful-seed Formula” for hyperuricemia in gout patients with dampness-heat pouring downward pattern: a pilot randomized controlled trial

CONSORT Herbal checklist. (DOCX 15 kb

Table1_Efficacy and safety of the new biopsy strategy combining 6-core systematic and 3-core MRI-targeted biopsy in the detection of prostate cancer: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.doc

BackgroundRecent EAU guideline strongly recommended combined targeted biopsy (TBx) with systematic biopsy (SBx) for biopsy naïve patients with suspected multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) lesions; However, the clinical goal is to find out how to determine the optimal SBx and TBx cores for biopsy in order to maximize the detection of csPCa and minimize the associated defects. This study aims to assess the efficacy and safety of the new biopsy strategy combining 6-core systematic and 3-core MRI- TBx compared to 12-core systematic and 3-core MRI-TBx strategy.MethodsThis is a single-center, prospectively randomized controlled clinical trial. 280 men meeting inclusion criteria will be recruited and will be randomly allocated to either 6-core systematic plus 3-core MRI-TBx group (Group A) or 12-core systematic plus 3-core MRI-TBx group (Group B). The primary outcome compares the detection rate of PCa and clinically significant prostate cancer(csPCa) between group A and group B. The secondary outcomes compare the participant-reported pain score immediate post biopsy using pain measurement scale; proportion of men with post-biopsy complications and adverse events (Time frame: 7 days post biopsy, 30 days post biopsy); proportion of the men who undergo radical prostatectomy and have cancer upgraded histopathology from the biopsy to the radical prostatectomy.Results and DiscussionA new biopsy strategy should be developed with the goal of minimizing procedure invasion, our study will provide the results of efficacy and safety of the new biopsy strategy (6-core systematic and 3-core MRI-TBx) in biopsy naïve men with suspicious mpMRI lesion in comparison with 12-core systematic and 3-core MRI-TBx.Trial registrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2200056437; http://www.chictr.org.cn/edit.aspx?pid=151413&htm=4</p