Additional file 1 of Transcriptome analysis reveals the roles of phytohormone signaling in tea plant (Camellia sinensis L.) flower development

Additional file 1: Fig. S1: The ABCDE model and the quartet model of floral organ development in Arabidopsis thaliana

Additional file 4 of Transcriptome analysis reveals the roles of phytohormone signaling in tea plant (Camellia sinensis L.) flower development

Additional file 4: Table S1: The primers used for qRT-PCR verification

Additional file 10 of Transcriptome analysis reveals the roles of phytohormone signaling in tea plant (Camellia sinensis L.) flower development

Additional file 10: Table S7: Two-way ANOVA test F-value of genes expression levels related to cytokinin biosynthesis and signaling transduction for three C. sinensis cultivars (BY1, HJY and SCZ) affected by development stage (S) and cultivar (C)

Formal Synthesis of Anticoagulant Drug Fondaparinux Sodium

The practical formal synthesis of the anticoagulant drug fondaparinux sodium <b>1</b> was accomplished using an optimized modular synthetic strategy. The important pentasaccharide <b>2</b>, a precursor for the synthesis of fondaparinux sodium, was synthesized on a 10 g scale in 14 collective steps with 3.5% overall yield from well-functionalized monosaccharide building blocks. The strategy involved a convergent [3 + 2] coupling approach, with excellent stereoselectivity in every step of glycosylation from the monosaccharide building blocks. Efficient routes to the syntheses of these fully functionalized building blocks were developed, minimizing oligosaccharide stage functional-group modifications. The syntheses of all building blocks avoided rigorous reaction conditions and the use of expensive reagents. In addition, common intermediates and a series of one-pot reactions were employed to enhance synthetic efficiency, improving the yield considerably. In the monosaccharide-to-oligosaccharide assembly reactions, cheaper activators (e.g., NIS/TfOH, TESOTf, and TfOH) were used to facilitate highly efficient glycosylations. Furthermore, crystallization of several monosaccharide and oligosaccharide intermediates significantly simplified purification procedures, which would be greatly beneficial to the scalable synthesis of fondaparinux sodium

Dynamics of the F1-antibody in great gerbils challenged by different doses of <i>Y. pestis.</i>

a<p>:The antibody titer was recorded as the dilution time, by setting 1∶8 as “1”, 1∶16 as “2”, 1∶32 as “3”, and 1∶4096 as “10”. The antibody was determined by IHA and each sample was repeated three times.</p>b<p>:Only one of the 4 animals produced F1-Ab and there was no measurable F1-Ab for the other three animals.</p>c<p>:Only one animal was available for F1-Ab determination because of the unexpected death of the other three animals.</p

Gross anatomic changes in the liver and spleen of great gerbils (A) and guinea pigs (B).

<p>Approximately 7.4×10¹⁰ CFU of <i>Y. </i><i>pestis</i> strain 2505 was injected subcutaneously into the groin of great gerbils, whereas around 5.0×10⁴ CFU was injected subcutaneously into the groin of guinea pigs. The animals were dissected immediately after death on day 3 p.i. The abscesses are clearly seen on the surface of both the liver and spleen of guinea pigs, but no abscesses were observed on the corresponding organs of great gerbils.</p

Dynamics of bacterial load (BL) in both the liver and spleen of great gerbils challenged with 2.0×10¹⁰ CFU of <i>Y. pestis</i>.

*<p>: At day 14 p.i., <i>Y. pestis</i> was isolated from the liver of a live animal with a bacterial load of 4.31 CFU/g.</p>**<p>: At day 15 p.i., <i>Y. pestis</i> was isolated from the spleen of a live animal with a bacterial load of 176 CFU/g.</p><p>ζ: Six great gerbils died of non-specific causes.</p

Post infection changes in the average body weight (A) and average anal temperature (B).

<p>Approximately 2.0×10⁹ CFU of <i>Y. pestis</i> strain 2505 was injected subcutaneously into the groin of 18 great gerbils on day 0, and then observed for changes in body weight and anal temperature. The average body weight and anal temperature of the 18 animals were employed to represent the changing trends at different time points (days) post infection.</p