92 research outputs found

    Distinguishing Patients with Parkinson's Disease Subtypes from Normal Controls Based on Functional Network Regional Efficiencies

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    <div><p>Many studies have demonstrated that the pathophysiology and clinical symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) are inhomogeneous. However, the symptom-specific intrinsic neural activities underlying the PD subtypes are still not well understood. Here, 15 tremor-dominant PD patients, 10 non-tremor-dominant PD patients, and 20 matched normal controls (NCs) were recruited and underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Functional brain networks were constructed based on randomly generated anatomical templates with and without the cerebellum. The regional network efficiencies (i.e., the local and global efficiencies) were further measured and used to distinguish subgroups of PD patients (i.e., with tremor-dominant PD and non-tremor-dominant PD) from the NCs using linear discriminant analysis. The results demonstrate that the subtype-specific functional networks were small-world-organized and that the network regional efficiency could discriminate among the individual PD subgroups and the NCs. Brain regions involved in distinguishing between the study groups included the basal ganglia (i.e., the caudate and putamen), limbic regions (i.e., the hippocampus and thalamus), the cerebellum, and other cerebral regions (e.g., the insula, cingulum, and calcarine sulcus). In particular, the performances of the regional local efficiency in the functional network were better than those of the global efficiency, and the performances of global efficiency were dependent on the inclusion of the cerebellum in the analysis. These findings provide new evidence for the neurological basis of differences between PD subtypes and suggest that the cerebellum may play different roles in the pathologies of different PD subtypes. The present study demonstrated the power of the combination of graph-based network analysis and discrimination analysis in elucidating the neural basis of different PD subtypes.</p></div

    Distinguishing regions for distinguishing PD patients from the NCs.

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    <p>a-d are related to the local efficiency, and e-f is related to the global efficiency. a, c, and e correspod to the tremor-dominant PD classificantion compared with the NCs, and b, d, and f correspond to the classification of non-tremor-dominant PD compared with the NCs.</p

    Templates used in the present study.

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    <p>a, the template with 1024 regions containing the cerebellum; b, the template with 1024 regions without cerebellum.</p

    Regions capable of identifying the mixed PD patients from the NCs.

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    <p>a, the local efficiency related to cere-AAL1024; b, the global efficiency associated with cere-AAL1024; c, the local efficiency for AAL1024; d, the global efficiency for AAL1024.</p

    Spatial properties of the whole-brain functional networks.

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    <p>The network properties are depicted in terms of the network efficiency. NC, normal controls; T-PD, tremor-dominant PD; NT-PD, non-tremor-dominant PD.</p

    Demographic information for and clinical characteristics of the participants.

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    <p>Data are presented as minimum - maximum (mean ± SD). PD, Parkinson's disease; NC, normal control; TPD, Tremor-dominant PD; NTPD, Non-tremor-dominant PD; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; UPDRS, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale; H-Y, Hoehn & Yahr Scale; Edu, education in years; ID, illness duration</p><p>The <i>p</i>-value was obtained using a two-tailed Pearson chi-squared test.</p><p>The <i>p</i>-values were obtained using two-sample, two-tail t tests.</p><p>Demographic information for and clinical characteristics of the participants.</p

    Functional connectivity with putamen in both groups.

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    <p>Regions that showed a significant functional connectivity (FC) with putamen in patients with Parkinson’s disease (upper panel) and in controls (lower panel). Hot color represents positive functional connectivity, whereas blue cold color represents negative functional connectivity. For display purposes only, all statistical maps (P<0.001, uncorrected) are overlayed on a T1-weighted MNI template.</p

    Group difference on functional connectivity.

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    <p>Regions that showed a significant stronger functional connectivity (FC) with putamen in supplementary motor area (SMA) (<b>A</b>) and stronger FC with SMA in left putamen (<b>B</b>) and right amydala (<b>C</b>) in patients with schizohprenia than controls. For display purposes only, all statistical maps (P<0.001, uncorrected) are overlayed on a T1-weighted MNI template.</p

    Functional connectivity with supplementary motor area in both groups.

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    <p>Regions that showed a significant functional connectivity (FC) with supplementary motor area (SMA) in patients with Parkinson’s disease (upper panel) and in controls (lower panel). Hot color represents positive functional connectivity, whereas blue cold color represents negative functional connectivity. For display purposes only, all statistical maps (P<0.001, uncorrected) are overlayed on a T1-weighted MNI template.</p

    Seed regions for functional connectivity analysis.

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    <p>Seed regions for functional connectivity analysis.</p
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