Use of Electroencephalography (EEG) for Comparing Study of the External Space Perception of Traditional and Modern Commercial Districts

A data set associated with the paper</p

Observation of a Half-Metallic Interface State for Pyridine-Adsorbed H/Fe₃O₄(100)

Organic molecule/half-metallic oxide interfaces play essential roles in recent molecular spintronics devices, yet factors governing the spin polarization of the hybridized interface state (HIS) formed there remain unclear because of the lack of direct spectroscopic evidence for it. Here, we present a spin-polarized metastable deexcitation spectroscopy (SPMDS) experiment, which is sensitive to the topmost surface, showing that the adsorption of pyridine on H-terminated Fe3O4(100) at 100 K produces a highly spin-polarized HIS, while no such HIS forms on a bare Fe3O4(100) surface. A density functional theory calculation has predicted the formation of half-metallic HIS, which is consistent with the SPMDS results. This can be understood on the basis of the interface chemical bonding formed by the coordination of the nitrogen end of pyridine to the surface Fe atom where half-metallic conduction electrons are distributed

Additional file 1 of Gastric point-of-care ultrasonography in patients undergoing radical gastrointestinal surgery before anesthetic induction: an observational cohort study

Supplementary Material 1

POD activity levels in tobacco plants infested with <i>B</i>. <i>tabaci</i> nymphs.

POD activity levels in (A) local and (B) systemic leaves of tobacco plants after 5, 10, 15, and 20 days of B. tabaci nymph infestation. Values represent the mean ABS variation per min per g protein ± standard error. Paired means with the same letter are not significantly different (P > 0.05).</p

Antioxidant Enzyme Responses Induced by Whiteflies in Tobacco Plants in Defense against Aphids: Catalase May Play a Dominant Role

<div><p>Background</p><p><i>Bemisia tabaci</i> MEAM1 (Middle East-Asia Minor 1) feeding alters antioxidative enzyme activity in some plant species. Infestation of <i>B</i>. <i>tabaci</i> nymphs decreases <i>Myzus persicae</i> performance on systemic, but not local leaves of tobacco plants. However, it is unclear if <i>B</i>. <i>tabaci</i> nymphs induced antioxidant activities contributing to the aphid resistance.</p><p>Methodology/Principal Findings</p><p>We investigated the relationship between antioxidants induced by nymphs of <i>B</i>. <i>tabaci</i> feeding on tobacco and aphid resistance. The activities of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) were assayed in tobacco leaves at different feeding times following infestation of <i>B</i>. <i>tabaci</i> nymphs. The infestation altered the activities of CAT and POD, but had no significant effect on SOD activity. The highest CAT activity was observed at 15 d after infestation. This was 98.2% greater than control systemic leaves, but 32.6% lower than the control in local leaves. Higher POD activity was recorded in local vs. systemic leaves after 15 d of infestation. POD activity was 71.0% and 112.9% higher in local and systemic leaves, respectively, than in the controls. The changes of CAT, but not POD or SOD activity were correlated to levels of aphid resistance. H₂O₂ levels were higher in local than in systemic leaves in contrast to CAT activity. <i>Tobacco curly shoot virus</i> mediated virus-induced gene silencing was employed to determine if CAT activation was involved in the aphid resistance induced by <i>B</i>. <i>tabaci</i> nymphs. <i>B</i>. <i>tabaci</i> induced CAT activity decreased when the <i>Cat1</i> expression was silenced. The performance assay indicated that <i>Cat1</i> silencing made <i>B</i>. <i>tabaci</i> infested plants a more suitable host for aphids than infested control plants. The aphid survival rate was reduced by 40.4% in infested control plants, but reduced by only 26.1% in <i>Cat1</i>-silenced plants compared to uninfested controls. Also, qPCR results showed that silencing of <i>Cat1</i> led to the suppression of the <i>B</i>. <i>tabaci</i> mediated <i>PR-2a</i> expression.</p><p>Conclusions/Significance</p><p>Aphid resistance in plants infested with <i>B</i>. <i>tabaci</i> nymphs is associated with enhanced antioxidant activities in which CAT may play a dominant role. This resistance probably acted via interactions with SA-mediated defense responses.</p></div

<i>M</i>. <i>persicae</i> survival on <i>B</i>. <i>tabaci</i> nymph-infested plants.

<p><i>M</i>. <i>persicae</i> survival on (A) local and (B) systemic leaves of <i>B</i>. <i>tabaci</i> nymph-infested tobacco plants. Values represent the mean survival of aphids ± standard error.</p

Spin Polarization Enhancement of an Fe₃O₄(100) Surface by Coadsorption of Atomic Hydrogen and Molecular Nitric Oxide

The geometric structure, electronic states, and surface spin polarization of a (H, NO)-coadsorbed Fe3O4(100) surface have been studied using density functional theory calculations. H atoms saturate the surface dangling bonds through bonding with the O atom (O1) without a tetrahedral Fe neighbor (Fe­(A)), inducing a deeper level shift of the spin-up surface state bands and a widening of the spin-up band gap between the Fermi level (EF) and the valence band maximum. NO molecules are adsorbed on surface octahedral Fe atoms (Fe­(B)). The adsorbate/substrate and molecule–molecule interactions cause considerable filling and broadening of the spin-down 2π* states of the adsorbed NO molecule. A −100% spin polarization is obtained over the energy range of −0.8 eV to EF for the (H, NO)-coadsorbed Fe3O4(100) surface, indicating that this system has greater potential for application in spintronic devices than either the solely H-adsorbed or NO-adsorbed surfaces. Furthermore, the adsorbed NO molecule can provide a considerable density of −100% spin-polarized states. Both of these findings are significant for the application and design of spintronic devices

Quantification of H₂O₂ levels in <i>B</i>. <i>tabaci</i> nymph-infested tobacco plants.

<p>H₂O₂ levels in (A) local and (B) systemic leaves of tobacco plants after 5, 10, 15, and 20 days of <i>B</i>. <i>tabaci</i> nymphs infestation. Values represent the mean μmol H₂O₂ per g fresh weight (FW) ± standard error. Paired means with the same letter are not significantly different (P > 0.05).</p

SOD activity levels in tobacco plants infested with <i>B</i>. <i>tabaci</i> nymphs.

<p>SOD activity levels in (A) local and (B) systemic leaves of tobacco plants after 5, 10, 15, and 20 days of <i>B</i>. <i>tabaci</i> nymphs infestation. Values represent the mean unit per mg protein ± standard error. Paired means with the same letter are not significantly different (P > 0.05).</p

Relative expression of <i>PR-2a</i> on <i>B</i>. <i>tabaci</i> nymph-infested tobacco plants.

<p>Relative expression of <i>PR-2a</i> on local and systemic leaves of (A) empty vector injected and (B) <i>Cat1</i>-silienced tobacco plants. Values represent the mean <i>PR</i> gene expression levels ± standard error. Paired means with the same letter are not significantly different (P > 0.05).</p