A cross-cultural study of domestic luminous environment in the United Kingdom and Japan

Abstract not available

Heterostructure CdS/ZnS nanoparticles as a visible light-driven photocatalyst for hydrogen generation from water

<p>(CdS)<i>_x</i>/(ZnS)_1–<i>x</i> nanoparticles were synthesized as a visible light-driven photocatalyst using the stepped microemulsion technique with a series of the ratio factors (<i>x</i>). The photocatalytic test results showed that (CdS)<i>_x</i>/(ZnS)_1-<i>x</i> with <i>x</i> = 0.8 had the highest photo-reactivity for H₂ production from water under visible light. The composite (CdS)_0.8/(ZnS)_0.2 catalyst had a heterogeneous structure that exhibited a much greater photocatalytic hydrogen production activity than either pure CdS or the homogeneous Cd_0.8Zn_0.2S solid solution. ZnS deposition also was shown to largely improve the stability of CdS in the heterostructured CdS/ZnS catalyst. Thermal treatment of the catalyst, i.e., annealing (CdS)_0.8/(ZnS)_0.2 at 723 K, improved the crystallinity of the catalyst and increased its photocatalytic H₂ production rate by more than 36 times. Deposition of Ru on the surface of the catalyst particles by in situ photo-deposition further increased the photo-H₂ generation rate by 3 times. The photocatalyst of 0.5%Ru/CdS/ZnS achieved the highest H₂ production activity, at a rate of 12650 μmol/g-h and with a light to hydrogen energy conversion efficiency of 6.5%.</p

Regio- and Stereoselective Radical Perfluoro­alkyltriflation of Alkynes Using Phenyl­(perfluoro­alkyl)­iodonium Triflates

A method for regio- and stereoselective anti-addition of the perfluoroalkyl and the triflate group of phenyl­(perfluoro­alkyl)­iodonium triflates to alkynes is presented. The radical reaction uses cheap CuCl as a smart initiator and can be conducted in gram scale. The perfluoroalkyltriflated products are readily further functionalized, rendering this transformation valuable

Regio- and Stereoselective Cyanotriflation of Alkynes Using Aryl(cyano)iodonium Triflates

A novel, mild, and versatile approach for regioselective <i>syn</i>-addition of both the CN and OTf groups of aryl­(cyano)­iodonium triflates to alkynes is described. The reaction uses Fe-catalysis and can be conducted in gram scale. Products of the vicinal cyanotriflation can be stereospecifically readily further functionalized, rendering the method highly valuable

Distinguishing the Photothermal and Photoinjection Effects in Vanadium Dioxide Nanowires

Vanadium dioxide (VO₂) has drawn significant attention for its unique metal-to-insulator transition near the room temperature. The high electrical resistivity below the transition temperature (∼68 °C) is a result of the strong electron correlation with the assistance of lattice (Peierls) distortion. Theoretical calculations indicated that the strong interelectron interactions might induce intriguing optoelectronic phenomena, such as the multiple exciton generation (MEG), a process desirable for efficient optoelectronics and photovoltaics. However, the resistivity of VO₂ is quite temperature sensitive, and therefore, the light-induced conductivity in VO₂ has often been attributed to the photothermal effects. In this work, we distinguished the photothermal and photoinjection effects in VO₂ nanowires by varying the chopping frequency of the optical illumination. We found that, in our VO₂ nanowires, the relatively slow photothermal processes can be well suppressed when the chopping frequency is >2 kHz, whereas the fast photoinjection component (direct photoexcitation of charge carriers) remains constant at all chopping frequencies. By separating the photothermal and photoinjection processes, our work set the basis for further studies of carrier dynamics under optical excitations in strongly correlated materials

Galvanostatic Electrodeposition of Durable IrO_<i>x</i> Films on Low-Iridium-Supported Titanium for an Acidic Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Ensuring or even optimizing the activity and stability of iridium oxide-coated titanium anodes while reducing the amount of iridium is still practically significant. In this work, IrOx-Ti electrodes are prepared by galvanostatic deposition at different deposition current densities and times. The iridium loading level, morphology, microstructure, and element composition distribution of these obtained electrodes are characterized, and their cyclic voltammetry and accelerated life tests were carried out in 0.5 M H2SO4 to investigate their electrochemical performance for the acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER). For a better understanding of the anodic electrodeposition mechanism, a competing mechanistic hypothesis was proposed to describe the reactions and their relationship involved in this process. The results show that the IrOx electrodes electrodeposited at 0.1 mA cm–2 exhibited a superior performance for the OER in terms of stability. Especially, the electrode electrodeposited for 5 h (0.1 mA cm–2) demonstrated a long-term durability for 73.14 h (equivalent to at least 14,642 h, i.e., 610 days, in actual lifetime) with 1.0 mg cm–2 iridium loading. Simultaneously, a mathematical model was used to fit the relationship between accelerated lifetime and deposition current and iridium loading. This research provides some valuable insights into how to optimally use Ir as an OER electrocatalyst

TE annotation of Arabidopsis thaliana accession Bur-0

TE annotation for Arabidopsis thaliana accession Bur-0. Coordinates are extracted from Bur-0 genome assembly (http://1001genomes.org/projects/MPIWang2012/). File format: TE id | Chromosome | start position | stop position

MOESM1 of Engineering E. coli for simultaneous glucose–xylose utilization during methyl ketone production

Additional file 1. Supplementary figures and tables

siRNA–targeting of VarTEs and the effect on proximal gene expression.

<p>(a) Upper panel depicts siRNA-targeting of variable and invariable regions of VarTEs defined between Col-0 and Bur-0 or C24. Lower panel shows abundance of Col-0 siRNA in siRNA+ InvTEs (red) and siRNA+ VarTEs (yellow) between Col-0 and Bur-0 or C24. Within siRNA+ VarTEs, the abundance of Col-0 siRNA was compared between invariable (cyan) and variable regions (navy). MWU [InvTE/VarTE] p<2×10⁻¹⁶ for Col-0 versus Bur-0/C24. MWU [variable/invariable regions of VarTEs] p[Col-0/Bur-0] = 1×10⁻⁵, p[Col-0/C24]<2×10⁻¹⁶ (b) VarTE+ genes were divided into subgroups based on whether the closest proximal TE was siRNA− (cyan), InvsiRNA+ (dark gray) or VarsiRNA+ (light gray). The average expression level of each gene group is shown. MWU [siRNA− VarTE+/InvsiRNA+ VarTE+] p[Col-0/C24] = 0.01, p[Col-0/Bur-0] = 0.01; MWU [siRNA− VarTE+/VarsiRNA+ VarTE+] p[Col-0/C24] = 9×10⁻⁵, p[Col-0/Bur-0] = 0.003; MWU [VarsiRNA+ VarTE+/InvsiRNA VarTE+] p[Col-0/C24] = 0.01, p[Col-0/Bur-0] = 0.04; * = p<0.05, ** = p<0.01. Standard errors are shown.</p

A Clear Insight into the Distinguishing CO₂ Capture by Two Isostructural Dy^III–Carboxylate Coordination Frameworks

Two isostructural <i><b>the</b></i>-type Dy^III coordination networks were successfully constructed based on a pair of analogous tribenzoate bridging ligands with phenyl and triazinyl central spacers. Notably, the active triazinyl group can obviously enhance the capability and selectivity of CO₂ sorption for the porous framework