Cyano-Containing Protic Ionic Liquids for Highly Selective Absorption of SO₂ from CO₂: Experimental Study and Theoretical Analysis

The solubility of SO₂ and CO₂ in four cyano-containing protic ionic liquids (PILs) was experimentally measured at temperatures from 303.2 to 333.2 K and pressures up to 3.0 bar. Their physical properties, such as density, viscosity, and decomposition temperature, were also determined. It is found that [DMPANH]­[MOAc] and [DMAPNH]­[EOAc] have the best selective absorption of SO₂ from CO₂ at 303.2 K and 1.0 bar among the investigated PILs, and the ideal selectivities (119 and 107, respectively) of SO₂/CO₂ are significantly higher than those reported in literature for other ILs. The temperature-dependent Krichevsky–Kasarnovsky (K–K equation) and PR-NRTL equations are used to calculate the solubility data of SO₂ and CO₂, and the interactions between PILs and acid gases are analyzed thermodynamically. Quantum chemical calculations are also done to obtain the interaction configurations and energies. It is shown from the themodynamic analysis and the quantum chemical calculations that the interaction between SO₂ and PILs is more energy favorable than that between CO₂ and PILs, primarily due to the existence of the cyano group on the cation of PILs. The protic ionic liquids were reused for five absorption–desorption cycles without obvious loss in the absorption capacity, showing their potential as selective absorbents of SO₂

Additional file 4: Figure S3. of Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor blockade prevents fractionated whole-brain irradiation-induced memory deficits

Temporal analyses of periphery derived cells in the brain during and after fWBI. (A) Periphery derived monocytes/macrophages (Cx3cr1+Ccr2+) changes over time. Significant increase was observed on 3 days after the last radiation fraction (*p < 0.05). (B) Cx3cr1+Ccr2+Ly6Clow monocytes changes over time. No significant differences were observed. (C) RFP-only population changes over time. n = 4–5. (TIF 255 kb

Additional file 5: Figure S4. of Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor blockade prevents fractionated whole-brain irradiation-induced memory deficits

PLX5622 treatment does not cause changes in Ly6Clow monocytes or neutrophil but results in reduced expression of myeloid cell markers in the brain. (A) Flow cytometry analysis of Ly6Clow monocytes 3 days after last radiation fraction (n = 6). (B) Flow cytometry analysis of neutrophils 3 days after the last radiation fraction (n = 6). (C) Analysis of qPCR results of myeloid markers between control and PLX5622 treated groups before fWBI (*p < 0.05, n = 6). (D) qPCR analyses of myeloid markers 3 days after the last radiation fraction (*p < 0.05 ctrl_sham vs PLX_sham, #p < 0.05 ctrl_IRR vs PLX_IRR, n = 6). (TIF 444 kb

Additional file 3: Table S1. of Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor blockade prevents fractionated whole-brain irradiation-induced memory deficits

Dendritic spine quantification of granule neurons in dentate gyrus.(XLSX 14 kb

Additional file 1: Figure S1. of Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor blockade prevents fractionated whole-brain irradiation-induced memory deficits

(A) Experimental paradigm for NOR test. Mice were allowed to explore the arena for 10 minutes during the habituation phase (Day 1 and Day 2). On the training phase (Day 3), mice were allowed to explore the arena for 5 minutes with two identical objects. On the test phase (Day 4), mice were allowed to explore the arena for 5 minutes with one familiar object and a novel object. (B) There was no difference in total time spent exploring both the familiar and the novel objects between sham and irradiated groups. (C) There was no difference in distance traveled during the test phase (Day 4) between sham and irradiated groups. (D) There was no difference in velocity throughout the DMP test (n = 8). (E) Experimental paradigm for matrix distance test. On each day each animal went through a 5-minute habituation phase followed by three 5-minute trials. The distance between two identical objects were kept at 28 cm during trials 1 and 2, and changed during trial 3. On day 1, objects were placed with a distance of 14 cm; on day 2, objected were placed with a distance of 21 cm. (F) and (G) No difference was detected in total time exploring across trials or groups (n = 8). (TIF 436 kb

Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Reaction of Lawsones and Propargyl Carbonates: Construction of 2,3-Furanonaphthoquinones and Evaluation as Potential Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Inhibitors

An efficient reaction utilizing propargyl carbonates through Claisen rearrangement to synthesize furanonaphthoquinones is described. The remarkable transformation exhibits excellent functional group tolerance, affording the target furanonaphthoquinones in moderate to good yields (41–85%) under mild reaction conditions. Scaled-up preparation of the model product can make this reaction a method of choice for synthesis of furanonaphthoquinone derivatives. The resulting furanonaphthoquinones were evaluated as potential indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase inhibitors in vitro

The final structural model (N = 310).

<p>Note: Factor loadings are standardized. <i>SE</i> self-efficacy, <i>EE</i> emotional exhaustion, <i>REA</i> reduced personal accomplishment, <i>AC</i> affective commitment, <i>CC</i> continuance commitment, <i>NC</i> normative commitment.</p

The factor loading of CSQ.

<p>The factor loading of CSQ.</p

Path diagrams of 5 alternative latent variable models.

<p>Note: Model a, unidimensional model with one general factor; Model b, 2-mensional model with correlated concept factors; Model c, 6-mensional model with correlated concept factors; Model d, second-order model; Model e, bifactor model with general factor of coping resource and domain factors.</p

Loading Cd_0.5Zn_0.5S Quantum Dots onto Onion-Like Carbon Nanoparticles to Boost Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation

Carbon dots (C dots, size < 10 nm) have been conventionally decorated onto semiconductor matrixes for photocatalytic H₂ evolution, but the efficiency is largely limited by the low loading ratio of the C dots on the photocatalyst. Here, we propose an inverse structure of Cd_0.5Zn_0.5S quantum dots (QDs) loaded onto the onionlike carbon (OLC) matrix for noble metal-free photocatalytic H₂ evolution. Cd_0.5Zn_0.5S QDs (6.9 nm) were uniformly distributed on an OLC (30 nm) matrix with both upconverted and downconverted photoluminescence property. Such an inverse structure allows the full optimization of the QD/OLC interfaces for effective energy transfer and charge separation, both of which contribute to efficient H₂ generation. An optimized H₂ generation rate of 2018 μmol/h/g (under the irradiation of visible light) and 58.6 μmol/h/g (under the irradiation of 550–900 nm light) was achieved in the Cd_0.5Zn_0.5S/OLC composite samples. The present work shows that using the OLC matrix in such a reverse construction is a promising strategy for noble metal-free solar hydrogen production