219 research outputs found

    Secondary structures in polyoma DNA

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    Three reproducible secondary-structure features were observed on single strands of polyoma virus DNA mounted for electron microscopy by the T4 gene 32 protein technique: (i) a hairpin fold-back extending from 92.9 +/- 0.8 to 95.0 +/- 0.7 map units; (ii) a small loop extending from 63.2 +/- 3.1 to 68.5 +/- 2.8 map units; and (iii) a big loop extending from 51.9 +/- 2.3 to 68.9 +/- 2.1 map units. Both loops are bounded by inverted repeat stems of length 40 +/- 20 base pairs. The stem sequences around 68.5 and 68.9 of the large and small loops overlap, either partially or completely. Several lines of evidence indicate that the inverted repeat stems of the two secondary-structure loops lie in the regions of polyoma virus DNA flanking and probably very close to the sequences that are spliced out in the formation of the late 16S and 18S messages, whereas the hairpin fold-back appears to map at a splicing point of an early message. These structures may therefore be important for the processing of the primary transcripts to form the early and late messages

    Assessment of Patient Perceptions of Artificial Intelligence Use in Dermatology: A Cross-Sectional Survey

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    The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine has grown in recent decades, with deep neural networks demonstrating accuracies comparable to dermatologists when classifying melanoma, keratinocyte carcinomas, and other common skin conditions. 1 , 2 , 3 With the future possibility that AI will be integrated into dermatology practice, it is important to understand how patients view these possible changes. Although prior studies have shown that patients are open to the use of AI in the diagnosis of skin cancer, little is known about patients\u27 trust and perception of AI accuracy in general dermatology. 4 , 5 This survey study aimed to gather opinions from a diverse dermatology patient population on AI use in dermatology and establish a specific accuracy at which patients would be comfortable receiving a diagnosis solely from an AI tool

    Quantitative and functional post-translational modification proteomics reveals that TREPH1 plays a role in plant thigmomorphogenesis

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    Plants can sense both intracellular and extracellular mechanical forces and can respond through morphological changes. The signaling components responsible for mechanotransduction of the touch response are largely unknown. Here, we performed a high-throughput SILIA (stable isotope labeling in Arabidopsis)-based quantitative phosphoproteomics analysis to profile changes in protein phosphorylation resulting from 40 seconds of force stimulation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Of the 24 touch-responsive phosphopeptides identified, many were derived from kinases, phosphatases, cytoskeleton proteins, membrane proteins and ion transporters. TOUCH-REGULATED PHOSPHOPROTEIN1 (TREPH1) and MAP KINASE KINASE 2 (MKK2) and/or MKK1 became rapidly phosphorylated in touch-stimulated plants. Both TREPH1 and MKK2 are required for touch-induced delayed flowering, a major component of thigmomorphogenesis. The treph1-1 and mkk2 mutants also exhibited defects in touch-inducible gene expression. A non-phosphorylatable site-specific isoform of TREPH1 (S625A) failed to restore touch-induced flowering delay of treph1-1, indicating the necessity of S625 for TREPH1 function and providing evidence consistent with the possible functional relevance of the touch-regulated TREPH1 phosphorylation. Bioinformatic analysis and biochemical subcellular fractionation of TREPH1 protein indicate that it is a soluble protein. Altogether, these findings identify new protein players in Arabidopsis thigmomorphogenesis regulation, suggesting that protein phosphorylation may play a critical role in plant force responses

    Switchable Aromaticity in an Isostructural Mn Phthalocyanine Series Isolated in Five Separate Redox States

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    The synthesis and characterization of a new phthalocyanine(Pc) Mn-nitride complex, (OEtPc)MnN (2; OEtPc= 1,4,8,11,15,18,22,25-octaethoxy-Pc), as well as its stable, readily accessible oxidized (2+ and 22+) and reduced (2-, 22-) congeners is reported. This unique isostructural series displays switchable aromatic character spanning the aromatic (2), non-aromatic (22+), and antiaromatic (22-) triad, in addition to the open-shell radical states (2+, 2-). All complexes were structurally characterized and displayed significant structural distortions at the redox extrema (22+, 22-) consistent with proposed [16 or 18]annulene π ring circuit models. Spectroscopic and computational studies further support these models. This isolated, fully characterized, isostructural series spanning five redox states (22+, 2+, 2, 2-, 22-) is unique in both the Pc and related macrocyclic (ex. porphyrinoids) literature and may offer direct insight into structural-electronic correlations driven by switchable aromaticity

    Single-nucleotide polymorphisms and haplotype of CYP2E1 gene associated with systemic lupus erythematosus in Chinese population

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    Introduction: Cytochrome P-450 2E1 (CYP2E1) is an important member of the CYP superfamily, which is involved in the metabolism and activation of many low molecular weight toxic compounds. We tried to investigate the possible association of CYP2E1 tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in a Chinese Han population. Methods: The coding and flanking regions of the CYP2E1 gene were scanned for polymorphisms and tag SNPs were selected. A two-stage case-control study was performed to genotype a total of 876 SLE patients and 680 geographically matched healthy controls (265 cases and 288 controls in stage I and 611 cases and 392 controls in stage II). SLE associations of alleles, genotypes and haplotypes were tested by age and sex adjusted logistic regression. The gene transcription quantitation was carried out for peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples from 120 healthy controls. Results: Tag SNP rs2480256 was found significantly associated with SLE in both stages of the study. The "A" allele was associated with slightly higher risk (odds ratio (OR) = 1.165, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.073 to 1.265, P = 2.75E-4) and "A/A" genotype carriers were with even higher SLE risk (OR = 1.464 95% CI 1.259 to 1.702, P = 7.48E-7). When combined with another tag SNP rs8192772, we identified haplotype "rs8192772-rs2480256/TA" over presented in SLE patients (OR 1.407, 95% CI 1.182 to 1.675, P = 0.0001) and haplotype "TG" over presented in the controls (OR 0.771, 95% CI 0.667 to 0.890, P = 0.0004). The gene transcription quantitation analysis further proved the dominant effect of rs2480256 as the "A/A" genotype showed highest transcription. Conclusions: Our results suggest the involvement of CYP2E1 as a susceptibility gene for SLE in the Chinese population

    Maximizing Saint Paul Employment Assets: Connecting the Workforce with Job-Rich Sectors

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    Report completed by students enrolled in PA 5041: Qualitative Methods for Policy Analysts, taught by Professor Dipali Mukhopadyay in Fall 2020.This project was completed as part of a partnership between the City of Saint Paul, the Metropolitan Council, and the University of Minnesota’s Resilient Communities Project (http://www.rcp.umn.edu). The goal of this project was to identify policy and outreach strategies to better connect employers and residents. City of Saint Paul project lead Mike Richardson collaborated with students in Professor Dipali Mukhopadyay’s course, PA 5041: Qualitative Methods for Policy Analysts, to conduct interviews with residents to understand perceptions and experiences with workforce development programs and the impact of the pandemic on the job-seeking process. A final student report and presentation are available. A videorecording of the students' final presentation is also available at https://vimeo.com/492665737.This project was supported by the Resilient Communities Project (RCP), a program at the University of Minnesota whose mission is to connect communities in Minnesota with U of MN faculty and students to advance community resilience through collaborative, course-based projects. RCP is a program of the Center for Urban and Regional Affairs (CURA). More information at http://www.rcp.umn.edu. Additional funding and support was provided by the Metropolitan Council of the Twin CIties

    Drivers of the perceived social impact of the Super Bowl: mediation and moderation analyses

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    Purpose: Building on the social leverage model (SLM), this study aims to examine the influence of event-related attributes on residents' perceived social impact of a major sport event, as mediated by event involvement. It also investigates the moderating effect of event rights holders' credibility on the relationship between event involvement and perceived social impact. Design/methodology/approach: Using a two-wave, time-lagged survey, data were collected from 220 residents of a Super Bowl host city. Hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling (SEM). Findings: High celebratory atmosphere, social camaraderie and social responsibility as perceived before the event were associated with residents' perceptions of the social impact of the Super Bowl. Moreover, the association between social camaraderie and perceived social impact was mediated by event involvement. When appraising the rights holder as credible, involved residents reported an increased level of perceived social impact. Originality/value: This study contributes to research on the SLM by demonstrating its application among indirect participants of major sport events. Additionally, it suggests the imperative role of rights holders' credibility in promoting the perceived social impact among involved residents

    CNS myelination requires VAMP2/3-mediated membrane expansion in oligodendrocytes

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    Myelin is required for rapid nerve signaling and is emerging as a key driver of CNS plasticity and disease. How myelin is built and remodeled remains a fundamental question of neurobiology. Central to myelination is the ability of oligodendrocytes to add vast amounts of new cell membrane, expanding their surface areas by many thousand-fold. However, how oligodendrocytes add new membrane to build or remodel myelin is not fully understood. Here, we show that CNS myelin membrane addition requires exocytosis mediated by the vesicular SNARE proteins VAMP2/3. Genetic inactivation of VAMP2/3 in myelinating oligodendrocytes caused severe hypomyelination and premature death without overt loss of oligodendrocytes. Through live imaging, we discovered that VAMP2/3-mediated exocytosis drives membrane expansion within myelin sheaths to initiate wrapping and power sheath elongation. In conjunction with membrane expansion, mass spectrometry of oligodendrocyte surface proteins revealed that VAMP2/3 incorporates axon-myelin adhesion proteins that are collectively required to form nodes of Ranvier. Together, our results demonstrate that VAMP2/3-mediated membrane expansion in oligodendrocytes is indispensable for myelin formation, uncovering a cellular pathway that could sculpt myelination patterns in response to activity-dependent signals or be therapeutically targeted to promote regeneration in disease

    Fabrication of Carbon Nanotube-Based Nanodevices Using a Combination Technique of Focused Ion Beam and Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition

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    This study focuses on the fabrication of two nanodevice prototypes which utilized vertical and horizontal carbon nanotubes used the focused ion beam to localize the catalysts, followed by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. First, metal-gated carbon nanotube field emitter arrays were fabricated on multilayer substrates containing an imbedded catalyst layer. Second, horizontally aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes were grown on a transmission electron microscopy grid. This allows the carbon nanotubes to be directly analyzed in a transmission electron microscope. It is expected that the methodology introduced here will open up opportunities for the direct fabrication of carbon nanotube based nanodevices
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