A Gene-Networked Gel Matrix-Supported Lipid Bilayer as a Synthetic Nucleus System

A spheroidal transgene-networked gel matrix was designed as a synthetic nucleus system. It was spheroidically manufactured using both advanced lithography and DNA nanotechnology. Stable Aqueorea coerulescens green fluorescent protein (AcGFP)-encoding gene cross-networks have been optimized in various parameters: the number of gene-networked gel (G-net-gel) spheroids, the concentration of a AcGFP plasmid in the scaffold, and the molar ratio between the X-DNA building blocks and the gene. It was then assessed that 800 units of the gene networked gel matrix at a 4000:1 molar ratio of X-DNA blocks and AcGFP gene components accomplished 20-fold enhanced in vitro protein expression efficiency for 36 h. Furthermore, once with lipid capping, it reproduced the natural nucleus system, demonstrating the 2-fold increased levels of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) relative to solution phase vectors

Water-Gel for Gating Graphene Transistors

Water, the primary electrolyte in biology, attracts significant interest as an electrolyte-type dielectric material for transistors compatible with biological systems. Unfortunately, the fluidic nature and low ionic conductivity of water prevents its practical usage in such applications. Here, we describe the development of a solid state, megahertz-operating, water-based gate dielectric system for operating graphene transistors. The new electrolyte systems were prepared by dissolving metal-substituted DNA polyelectrolytes into water. The addition of these biocompatible polyelectrolytes induced hydrogelation to provide solid-state integrity to the system. They also enhanced the ionic conductivities of the electrolytes, which in turn led to the quick formation of an electric double layer at the graphene/electrolyte interface that is beneficial for modulating currents in graphene transistors at high frequencies. At the optimized conditions, the Na-DNA water-gel-gated flexible transistors and inverters were operated at frequencies above 1 MHz and 100 kHz, respectively

X‑DNA Origami-Networked Core-Supported Lipid Stratum

DNA hydrogels are promising materials for various fields of research, such as in vitro protein production, drug carrier systems, and cell transplantation. For effective application and further utilization of DNA hydrogels, highly effective methods of nano- and microscale DNA hydrogel fabrication are needed. In this respect, the fundamental advantages of a core–shell structure can provide a simple remedy. An isolated reaction chamber and massive production platform can be provided by a core–shell structure, and lipids are one of the best shell precursor candidates because of their intrinsic biocompatibility and potential for easy modification. Here, we demonstrate a novel core–shell nanostructure made of gene-knitted X-shaped DNA (X-DNA) origami-networked gel core-supported lipid strata. It was simply organized by cross-linking DNA molecules via T4 enzymatic ligation and enclosing them in lipid strata. As a condensed core structure, the DNA gel shows Brownian behavior in a confined area. It has been speculated that they could, in the future, be utilized for in vitro protein synthesis, gene-integration transporters, and even new molecular bottom-up biological machineries