Relativistic dark matter at the Galactic center

In a large region of the supersymmetry parameter space, the annihilation cross section for neutralino dark matter is strongly dependent on the relative velocity of the incoming particles. We explore the consequences of this velocity dependence in the context of indirect detection of dark matter from the galactic center. We find that the increase in the annihilation cross section at high velocities leads to a flattening of the halo density profile near the galactic center and an enhancement of the annihilation signal.Comment: 13 pages, 9 figure

Determination of Dark Matter Properties at High-Energy Colliders

If the cosmic dark matter consists of weakly-interacting massive particles, these particles should be produced in reactions at the next generation of high-energy accelerators. Measurements at these accelerators can then be used to determine the microscopic properties of the dark matter. From this, we can predict the cosmic density, the annihilation cross sections, and the cross sections relevant to direct detection. In this paper, we present studies in supersymmetry models with neutralino dark matter that give quantitative estimates of the accuracy that can be expected. We show that these are well matched to the requirements of anticipated astrophysical observations of dark matter. The capabilities of the proposed International Linear Collider (ILC) are expected to play a particularly important role in this study.Comment: 124 pages, 62 figures; corrections and new material in Section 2.6 (direct detection); misc. additional correction

Signals of New Physics in the Underlying Event

LHC searches for new physics focus on combinations of hard physics objects. In this work we propose a qualitatively different soft signal for new physics at the LHC - the "anomalous underlying event". Every hard LHC event will be accompanied by a soft underlying event due to QCD and pile-up effects. Though it is often used for QCD and monte carlo studies, here we propose the incorporation of an underlying event analysis in some searches for new physics. An excess of anomalous underlying events may be a smoking-gun signal for particular new physics scenarios such as "quirks" or "hidden valleys" in which large amounts of energy may be emitted by a large multiplicity of soft particles. We discuss possible search strategies for such soft diffuse signals in the tracking system and calorimetry of the LHC experiments. We present a detailed study of the calorimetric signal in a concrete example, a simple quirk model motivated by folded supersymmetry. In these models the production and radiative decay of highly excited quirk bound states leads to an "antenna pattern" of soft unclustered energy. Using a dedicated simulation of a toy detector and a "CMB-like" multipole analysis we compare the signal to the expected backgrounds.Comment: 27 pages, 7 figure

Finite Temperature Corrections to Relic Density Calculations

In this paper we evaluate finite temperature corrections to the dark matter relic density within the context of minimal supersymmetry with a neutralino LSP. We identify several regions of parameter space where the WIMP annihilation cross section is especially sensitive to small corrections to the undelrlying parameters. In these regions, finite temperature effects have the potential to be important. However, we shall show by explicit calculation that these effects are small. In the regions we investigated, the maximal corrections are on the order of 10^{-4} and are therefore negligible compared with theoretical and experimental uncertainties.Comment: 17 page

Relativistic Dark Matter at the Galactic Center

In a large region of the supersymmetry parameter space, the annihilation cross section for neutralino dark matter is strongly dependent on the relative velocity of the incoming particles. We explore the consequences of this velocity dependence in the context of indirect detection of dark matter from the galactic center. We find that the increase in the annihilation cross section at high velocities leads to a flattening of the halo density profile near the galactic center and an enhancement of the annihilation signal

Size dependent tunneling and optical spectroscopy of CdSe quantum rods

Photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy and scanning tunneling spectroscopy are used to study the electronic states in CdSe quantum rods that manifest a transition from a zero dimensional to a one dimensional quantum confined structure. Both optical and tunneling spectra show that the level structure depends primarily on the rod diameter and not on length. With increasing diameter, the band-gap and the excited state level spacings shift to the red. The level structure was assigned using a multi-band effective-mass model, showing a similar dependence on rod dimensions.Comment: Accepted to PRL (nearly final version). 4 pages in revtex, 4 figure

Microscopic Primordial Black Holes and Extra Dimensions

We examine the production and evolution of microscopic black holes in the early universe in the large extra dimensions scenario. We demonstrate that, unlike in the standard four-dimensional cosmology, in large extra dimensions absorption of matter from the primordial plasma by the black holes is significant and can lead to rapid growth of the black hole mass density. This effect can be used to constrain the conditions present in the very early universe. We demonstrate that this constraint is applicable in regions of parameter space not excluded by existing bounds. 1 The possible formation of black holes in the early universe has long been discussed. The idea was first proposed by Carr and Hawking [1], who considered the formation of such primordial black holes (PBHs) by the gravitational collapse of density perturbations and their subsequent evolution. They found that the PBH mass distributio