Penggunaan Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) dan Khamir Antagonis untuk Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan Tanaman dan Pengendalian Penyakit Antraknosa pada Pepaya di Lapangan

Produksi pepaya di Indonesia menghadapi kendala penyakit antraknosa. Kombinasi biokontrol plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) dan khamir antagonis Cryptococcus albidus berpotensi digunakan untuk mengendalikan penyakit antraknosa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keefektifan PGPR yang terdiri dari bakteri Pseudomonas fluorescens dan Bacillus polymixa, khamir antagonis, dan kombinasinya terhadap penyakit antraknosa pepaya di lapang. Percobaan dilakukan di pertanaman pepaya Kabupaten Bogor, Jawa Barat dengan beberapa perlakuan: (P1) perlakuan PGPR di persemaian, (P2) perlakuan khamir antagonis Cryptococcus albidus setelah pepaya berbunga, (P3) kombinasi perlakuan (P1) dan (P2), serta (P4) penyemprotan fungisida dengan bahan aktif Mankozeb 80% setiap minggu. Percobaan disusun dengan rancangan acak kelompok 6 ulangan dengan 16 tanaman per kelompok perlakuan. Pengamatan pertumbuhan pepaya dan produksi buah dicatat dan dianalisis. Aplikasi PGPR, khamir dan dan kombinasinya signifikan menekan infeksi penyakit antraknosa di kondisi lapang dan berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman pepaya di lapangan. Selain itu, aplikasi kombinasi juga dapat meningkatkan daya perkecambahan benih pepaya. Kata kunci: agens hayati, pengendalian hayati, Colletotrichum sp., produksi buah, pertumbuhan tanamanPapaya production faces a destructive anthracnose diseases in Indonesia. Biological control used a combination of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and Cryptococcus albidus potential to control the diseases. The research objective was to assess the effectiveness of PGPR consisting of a mixture of Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus polymixa, yeast antagonists, and it’s combination of PGPR and Cryptococcus albidus in controlling anthracnose disease, increasing the growth and yield of papaya under field conditions. An experiment was conducted in Bogor, West Java. Treatments were the application of PGPR in the nursery (P1), yeast antagonists application after papaya flowers anthesis (P2), the combination of two applications P1 and P2 (P3), and conventional plant protection using weekly spraying of fungicides with active ingredient Mankozeb 80% (P4). The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with six replications as blocks with sixteen plants per block. PGPR, yeast antagonist and its combination significantly suppressed anthracnose diseases of papaya under field conditions, and increase plant growth. Moreover, the combination of applications also increased the papaya seed germination. Keywords: biological agents, biological control, Colletotrichum sp., fruit production, plant growt

ANCAMAN HAMA DAN PATOGEN ASAL LUAR NEGERI (HPLN): SUATU URGENSI PEMBENTUKAN DEPUTI BIDANG BIO-INTELIJEN DI BAWAH BADAN INTELIJEN NEGARA (BIN)

Produksi pangan dan pertanian di Indonesia terancam dengan masuknya hama dan patogen asal Luar Negeri (HPLN). Kondisi ini dibuktikan oleh berbagai HPLN yang telah masuk dan kemudian menurunkan produksi tanaman secara nyata. Solusi komprehensif dapat dilakukan dengan menyempurnakan peraturan perundangan dan kelembagaan. Diperlukan tambahan Deputi Badan Intelijen Negara untuk penangkalan HPLN, serta sinergi dengan Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana dalam menangani kondisi darurat bencana disebabkan masuknya HPLN

EKSPLORASI CENDAWAN ENDOFIT DARI TANAMAN CABAI YANG BERPOTENSI SEBAGAI AGENS BIOKONTROL PENYAKIT ANTRAKNOSA (Colletotrichum acutatum L.) (Exploration of Endophytic Fungi from Pepper as Biological Control Agents of Anthracnose (Colletotrichum acutatum L.)

Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum acutatum is one of devastated disease of pepper in Indonesia and has great impact on yield loss. Most of farmers use fungicides as controller for this disease. Application of biocontrol agents could be solution to control anthracnose. Beneficial microorganism, such as endophytic fungi are able to be promising biocontrol agents of some pathogens, including Colletotrichum acutatum. The aim of this research was to isolate endophytic fungi from fruit and branch as biocontrol agents for pepper anthracnose. The research resulted 11 isolates of endophytic fungi that were further tested against anthracnose. Isolates of endophytic fungi were identified as steril hifa hitam 1, steril hifa hitam 2, steril hifa 1, steril hifa 2, Nigrospora sp., Coniotyrium sp., Cylindrocarpon sp., Paecilomyces sp. The 3 of other isolates (isolat buah 5, isolat buah 1dan isolat batang 24) were not identified yet.   Keyword : Pepper, antrachnose, C. acutatum, endophytic fung

POTENSI KHAMIR UNTUK MENGENDALIKAN PENYAKIT ANTRAKNOSA (Colletotrichum acutatum L.) PADA TANAMAN CABAI (Potency of Endophytic Fungi and Yeast as Biological Control to Pepper Anthracnose (Colletotorichum acutatum L.)

Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum actuate is one of devastated disease ofpepper in Indonesia that has great impact on yield loss. Most of farmers usefungicides as controller for this disease. Application of biocontrol agentscould be one ways to control anthracnose. Beneficial microorganism such asyeast is able to be promising biocontrol agents of some pathogens, includingColletotrichum. The aim of this research was to isolate yeast from fruit andbranch as biocontrol agents for pepper anthracnose. The research results 9isolates of yeasts that were further tested against anthracnose. Isolates ofyeasts were identified as Cryptococcus terreus, C. abides var. aerius IPB 1,and C. abides var. aerius IPB 2, Candida Edam. Other isolates coded asCBN, CBM, CBK, CBF, and CBR were not identified yet. Five of potentialyeasts, Cryptococcus terreus, C. albidus var aerius IPB 1, C. albidus varaerius IPB 2, Candida edax, and unidentified yeast CBN showed directantagonist mechanism. Among of potential yeasts isolated, CBN showedability to reduce incidence of disease up to of 87.50%.Key word: Pepper, antrachnose, C. acutatum, yeas

Pengendalian Penyakit dan Pemacuan Pertumbuhan Tanaman Tomat dengan Perlakuan Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria dan Trichoderma hamatum THSW13

Produksi tomat di Indonesia banyak menghadapi gangguan penyakit, baik biotik maupun abiotik, diantaranya penyakit bercak daun yang disebabkan Alternaria solani dan blossom end rot yang disebabkan defisiensi kalsium. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji kombinasi teknik perlakuan konsorsium plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) dengan Trichoderma hamatum THSW13 dalam mengendalikan penyakit bercak daun dan blossom end rot serta pengaruhnya terhadap pertumbuhan dan produktivitas tanaman tomat di lapangan. PGPR yang diuji adalah Pseudomonas fluorescens PF1 dan Bacillus polymixa strain BG25.Percobaan telah dilakukan di pertanaman tomat Kabupaten Tegal, Jawa Tengah dengan perlakuan: (A) perlakuan benih dan di persemaian, (B) perlakuan benih, perlakuan di persemaian dan perlakuan pada tanaman di lapangan, (C) perlakuan fungisida kimia sintetik sebagai kontrol. Percobaan dilaksanakan dengan metode eksperimental dan disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok dengan pengamatan terhadap penyakit tanaman dan agronomis. Hasil uji menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan teknik aplikasi konsorsium PGPR dan T. hamatum THSW13 dengan perlakuan benih, di persemaian dan pada tanaman di lapangan menunjukkan kemampuan lebih baik dalam menekan tingkat keparahan penyakit bercak coklat dan persentase kejadian blossom end rot serta meningkatkan tinggi tanaman, diameter batang dan produktivitas per satuan luas dibandingkan perlakuan hanya pada benih dan di persemaian

PERLUNYA PELARANGAN PENGENDALIAN TIKUS SAWAH (Rattus argentiventer Rob. & Klo.) DI PERTANAMAN PADI DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN PAGAR LISTRIK

1.Serangan hama tikus sawah pada pertanaman padi yang selalu terjadi di beberapa wilayah di Indonesia setiap musim tanam, menimbulkan kehilangan hasil yang besar2.Salah satu cara pengendalian tikus sawah dengan memasang pagar listrik jebakan tikus untuk membuat tikus tersengat, kaget lalu pergi, atau untuk mematikan tikus, tetapi hal ini sangat berbahaya bagi manusia dan hewan lain yang melintasinya.3.Diperlukan peraturan resmi pada tingkat pusat dan daerah untuk melarang penggunaan pagar listrik dalam mengendalikan hama tikus sawah4.Diseminasi teknologi pengendalian tikus sawah yang aman dan ramah lingkungan perlu dilakukan terus menerus secara masi

Formulasi Tepung Biofungisida Berbahan Aktif Ganda Pseudomonas Fluorescens PG 01 dan Bacillus Polymixa BG 25

The objective of this study is to determine effective carrier materials and additives which is able to keep the bioperformance, including antibiosis activity to Phytophthora capsici and Colletotrichum acutatum and plant growth promoting effect, of two antagonistic bacteria Psedomonas fluorescens PG 01 and Bacillus polymixa BG 25 in biofungicide powder formulations. Talc and bentonite formulations were effective after 3 months of storage, while tapioca were only effective to B. polymixa up to 3 months of storage. Additive materials that can enhance the antibiosis activity of the bacteria, keeping up the growth and no toxicity effect to chili seedlings were crab shell powder 0.25% and MnSO4 1 to 2%. After eight months storage with 20% moisture content, the bacteria population survived in powder formulation developed in this study was still suitable for seed treatment and/or after transplanting through soil drenching with water. In this period of storage, population of the two bacteria was 106 cfu/g formulation

Formulasi Tepung Biofungisida Berbahan Aktif Ganda Pseudomonas Fluorescens PG 01 dan Bacillus Polymixa BG 25

The objective of this study is to determine effective carrier materials and additives which is able to keep the bioperformance, including antibiosis activity to Phytophthora capsici and Colletotrichum acutatum and plant growth promoting effect, of two antagonistic bacteria Psedomonas fluorescens PG 01 and Bacillus polymixa BG 25 in biofungicide powder formulations. Talc and bentonite formulations were effective after 3 months of storage, while tapioca were only effective to B. polymixa up to 3 months of storage. Additive materials that can enhance the antibiosis activity of the bacteria, keeping up the growth and no toxicity effect to chili seedlings were crab shell powder 0.25% and MnSO4 1 to 2%. After eight months storage with 20% moisture content, the bacteria population survived in powder formulation developed in this study was still suitable for seed treatment and/or after transplanting through soil drenching with water. In this period of storage, population of the two bacteria was 106 cfu/g formulation

Laporan Pertama tentang Penyakit Busuk Arang pada Kacang Tanah

Peanut charcoal rot disease was first observed in Bogor,West Java in June 2010, and Serang, Banten in January 2012. Infected plants in the field showed root and stem rot, discoloration of stems and/or branches. Severe infection may cause wilting of foliage then plant dried out. Based on microscopic observation Macrophomina phaseolina was constantly associated with diseased plants from those two areas. Hot temperature and low rainfall might favour disease development. This is the first report of charcoal rot disease of peanut in West Java and Banten. Key words: charcoal rot, Macrophomina phaseolina, peanu

Selection and Characterization Of Siderophore-Producing Rhizobacteria and Potential Antagonistic Activity Toward Ralstonia Solanacearum

Ralstonia solanacearum is an important disease of tomato. An alternative method to control the disease is the application of biocontrol agents. Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) could be used as potential biocontrol agents. PGPR with siderophores is among compounds having important role in disease suppression. This experiment was conducted to select and characterize the siderophore-producing rhizobacteria from tomato and to determine their potential as antagonistic agents for R. solanacearum. Candidates of the PGPR were isolated from tomato grown in West Java Province, Indonesia. The isolates were detected as siderophore-producing bacteria using CAS medium. Among 29 isolates producing siderophore and having negative result on hypersensitivity reaction, two isolates provided the widest diameter of inhibition zone toward R. solanacearum. Both isolates were CP1C and CP2D with diameter of inhibition zone up to 3.6 and 7.0 mm, respectively. Based on the sequence of 16S rDNA, isolate CP1C was identified as Brevundimonas sp., while isolate CP2D was identified as Enterobacter sp. Both bacteria did not cause negative effect on the increasing plant height and dry weight of the plants, compared with control