Seleksi Segregan Gandum (Triticum Aestivum L.) pada Dataran Tinggi

Pedigree selection is a method of selection used in segregating populations which takes the expertise of breeders in achieving the desired goal. This method is implemented on the early generations with a high degree of segregation and is generally performed on highly heritable traits. The purpose of this research was to study the performance of F3 generation segregants and to estimate the genetic parameters to be used for identification and selection of wheat segregants under optimum environmental condition. The research was carried out at the experiment field of Research Institute for Ornamental Crops, in Cipanas from May to September 2012. Genetic material used were 58 F3 family and six check varieties, namely Dewata, Selayar, Oasis, Rabe, Basribey, and HP 1744. The experiment used an augmented design. Results of analysis of variance showed that the family effect was significant for days to flowering, days to harvest, percentage of empty florets, number of grains per panicle, grain weight per panicle, number of seeds per plant and seed weight per plant. High heritability estimates were found in days to flowering, days to harvest, seed filling period, percentage of empty florets, number of grains per panicle, grain weight per panicle, number of seeds per plant, and seed weight per plant. These characters are suitable for yield improvement of tropical highland wheat due to its high heritability values. The mean value of F3 generation changes subsequent to selection either based on grain weight per plant, or based on number of productive tillers, number of grain per panicle, and grain weight per plant

Analisis Daya Hasil Lateks Dan Heritabilitas Karakter Kuantitatif Dari Beberapa Genotipe Karet Pp/07/04

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari karakter pertumbuhan, daya hasil lateks dan heritabilitas karakter kuantitatif beberapa genotipe karet PP/07/04. Sebanyak lima belas genotipe karet dan dua klon pembanding PB 260 dan RRIC 100 diuji pada penelitian ini. Pengujian genotipe tersebut dibangun di Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian Sungei Putih, Pusat Penelitian Karet pada tahun 2004, yang terletak di Kabupaten Deli Serdang - Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Rancangan yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan tiga ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa genotipe berpengaruh nyata terhadap dua belas karakter yang diamati yaitu lilit batang, tebal kulit, jumlah cincin pembuluh lateks, diameter sel pembuluh lateks, panjang alur sadap, kecepatan aliran lateks, indeks penyumbatan, kadar fosfat anorganik, kadar sukrosa, kadar thiol, kadar karet kering, dan daya hasil lateks. Berdasarkan karakter pertumbuhan dan daya hasil lateks menunjukkan bahwa genotipe HP 92/309 memiliki potensi hasil lateks tinggi, sedangkan genotipe HP 92/542 memiliki hasil lateks tinggi dan pertumbuhan jagur. Dua belas karakter yang diamati memiliki nilai heritabilitas tinggi dengan nilai h2bs antara 0,52 – 0,95. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa karakter-karakter tersebut lebih dipengaruhi oleh faktor genetik. Diterima : 5 April 2016 / Direvisi : 30 Juni 2016 / Disetujui : 3 Agustus 2016 How to Cite : Sayurandi, S., Wirnas, D., & Woelan, S. (2016). Analisis daya hasil lateks dan heritabilitas karakter kuantitatif dari beberapa genotipe karet PP/07/04. Jurnal Penelitian Karet, 34(1), 1-12. Retrieved from http://ejournal.puslitkaret.co.id/index.php/jpk/article/view/22

Kendali Genetik Toleransi Kekeringan pada Padi Sawah (Oryza Sativa L.)

Drought has become a main barrier of rainfed rice in dry climate and short wet season areas. Growing drought-tolerance varieties is a practical approach to minimize yield lost of rice by the drought stress condition. The aims of this research were to examine the inheritance of drought tolerance character, to identify selection traits, and to estimate genetic gain for drought tolerant on lowland rice. Four rice varieties, i.e., Jatiluhur, Mentik Wangi, IR64, Way Apo Buru, were fully diallel crossed. The parent varieties and the F1\u27s were grown at Sawah Baru, Dramaga experimental field in two irrigation treatments, optimum and sub optimum where irrigation was applied until three weeks after transplanting. A randomized complete block design with three replications for each irrigation treatment was applied to the experiment. The results showed that there is a significant maternal effect on tiller number. The values of additive variance were higher than the dominance for all other characters except tiller number and grain weight per plant. The highest value for narrow sense heritability was achieved by panicle length

Studi Radiosensitivitas Kedelai [Glycine Max (L) Merr] Varietas Argomulyo Melalui Irradiasi Sinar Gamma

Benih-benih kedelai dari varietas Argomulyo diiradiasi sinar gamma untuk meningkatkan keragaman genetik, memperbaiki morfologi tanaman dan nantinya untuk mendapatkan produksi hasil yang tinggi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui radiosensitivitas tanaman kedelai [Glycine max (L) Merr ] varietas Argomulyo melalui irradiasi sinar gamma dan mengetahui respon pemberian tingkat irradiasi mikro sinar gamma terhadap pertumbuhan dan perkembangan dari benih kedelai turunan pertama (M ). Penelitian ini 1merupakan percobaan faktor tunggal dosis irradiasi yang terdiri dari delapan taraf, yaitu 0 Gy, 200 Gy, 400 Gy, 600 Gy, 800 Gy, dan 1000 Gy. Untuk mendapatkan nilai Lethal Dosis 50 (LD ), digunakan program Curve-fit 50Analysis. Untuk mengetahui respon pemberian tingkat irradiasi mikro sinar gamma, benih kedelai yang diuji adalah benih kedelai varietas Argomulyo yang diirradiasi dengan dosis rendah sinar gamma (micro mutation) dengan dosis sedikit dibawah LD yaitu 0 Gy, 50 Gy, 100 Gy, 150 Gy dan 200 Gy. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 50 bahwa nilai Lethal Dosis 50 (LD ) terdapat pada dosis 457,178 Gy. Keragaman yang diperoleh dari tinggi 50 tanaman, jumlah cabang, jumlah polong, jumlah polong hampa dan jumlah biji pada generasi M mempengaruhi 1 pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tanaman baik secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif yang akhirnya akan mempengaruhi produksi tanaman

Keragaan Generasi Ketiga (M3) Kedelai Hasil Iradiasi Sinar Gamma Pada Kondisi Optimum Dan Kondisi Cekaman Kekeringan

The objective of this research was to obtain a genotype of selected putativemutant with good agronomic traits and high yielding on optimumcondition and its adaptability to drought stress in M3 generation. The studyresult showed that there were differences in the growth and production of eachpopulation as a result of irradiation in optimum conditions and drought stressconditions. Population as a result of irradiation at 150 Gy and 200 Gy had ahigher mean value for the plant height trait, the number of productive branches,the number of productive nodes and the number of productive pods compared toirradiation population of 50 Gy, 100 Gy and the control population of Argomulyoat optimum conditions. The decrease in the growth and development happened toall the characters observed in irradiation population in drought conditionscompared to when grown in optimum conditions. The decrease can be seen in thecharacters of plant height, number of pods and seed weight per plant. The growthand development of the population irradiation of 150 Gy and 200 Gy were moreinfluenced by drought conditions compared to other irradiation populations. Theselection in the optimum conditions produced 291 high yielding genotypes and theselection in drought conditions generated 202 genotypes and adapted to droughtenvironments

Induced Mutations by Gamma Ray Irradiation to Argomulyo Soybean (Glycine Max) Variety

Hanafiah DS, Trikoesoemaningtyas, Yahya S, Wirnas D. 2010. Induced mutations by gamma ray irradiation to Argomulyosoybean (Glycine max) variety. Nusantara Bioscience 2: 121-125. Induced mutation by gamma ray irradiation is one way to increasegenetic variability of plants. This research used gamma ray irradiation on low doses (micro mutation). The aim of this research was toknow the respons of doses level by micro mutation on gamma ray irridation to the growing and development of Argomulyo variety ofsoybean [Glycine max (L) Merr]. The seeds were irradiated by gamma ray micro mutation doses, namely 0 gray, 50 gray, 100 gray, 150gray, and 200 gray. Variations that were obtained of each characters at generation M1 and M2 influences plants growth and developmenteither through qualitative and quantitative that finally will influence plant’s production. The average highest genetic variation at M2generation of soybean was on 200 Gray doses. Results of the research indicated that gamma ray irradiation on 200 Gray doseseffectively caused of plant variation genetic

Identifikasi Aksi Gen Epistasis pada Toleransi Kedelai terhadap Cekaman Aluminium

The efectiveness of selection depends on the gene action cotrolling the character. The presence of epistatic gene action will delay the genetic gain in self pollinated crops like soybean. The objective of this research was to obtain information on genetic control of soybean tolerance to aluminum toxicity on nutrient culture. This research was conducted at green house of the University Farm IPB Cikabayan, Bogor, from April to June 2013. This research used 120 seedlings of F2 population generated from crossing between Argomulyo (Al-sensitive) with Tanggamus (Al-tolerant). Seedlings were grown in nutrient culture for 14 days with Al concentration of 1.5 mM and pH 4.0, to observe the vegetative growth under aluminum stress condition. The result showed that mean of roots length, shoot length, shoot to root ratio, wet and dry weight of root and shoot exceeded both parents mean value with moderate to high heritability. All observed characters had continue distribution pattern, and controlled by many genes. Duplicate epistasis additive gene action controlled only root length while other characters were controlled by complementary epistasis gene action

Daya Gabung Dan Aksi Gen Pada Karakter Buah Dan Hasil Dari Populasi Setengah Dialel Lima Genotipe Pepaya (Carica Papaya L.)

Salah satu masalah dalam perakitan varietas hibrida, yaitu memilih tetua yang mempunyai daya gabung tinggi. Untuk menghasilkan hibrida F1 pepaya dengan kualitas dan produksi yang tinggi diperlukan informasi daya gabung yang tinggi antartetua. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui daya gabung umum (DGU) dan daya gabung khusus (DGK) untuk mendukung program perbaikan genetik varietas pepaya. Pendugaan DGU dan DGK menggunakan populasi setengah dialel lima genotipe pepaya. Lima tetua pepaya yang dipergunakan, yaitu BT2, Carmina, Dampit, Carmida, and Merah Delima. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak (RKLT) dengan tiga ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakter bobot buah, panjang buah, dan kekerasan daging dikendalikan oleh aksi gen aditif. Tetua Dampit dapat dipilih sebagai tetua dengan DGU terbaik untuk karakter tersebut. Karakter tebal daging, PTT, jumlah buah, produksi per pohon, dan persentase buah cacat dikendalikan oleh aksi gen nonaditif karena efek DGK dan ragam nonaditif lebih besar daripada efek DGU dan ragam aditif. Hibrida Carmina x Carmida mempunyai nilai DGK dan rata-rata yang tinggi untuk karakter tebal daging dan PTT. Hibrida BT2 x Dampit, Carmina x Dampit, Dampit x Merah Delima, dan Dampit x Merah Delima mempunyai DGK dan rerata yang tinggi untuk karakter produksi per pohon. Pasangan kombinasi hibrid F1 tersebut dapat berpotensi untuk dipilih sebagai varietas unggul hibrida pepaya dengan keunggulan produksi buah yang tinggi. Calon varietas unggul baru pepaya tersebut dapat dikembangkan di masyarakat sehingga akan meningkatkan produksi pepaya di Indonesia

Pemilihan Karakter Agronomi untuk Menyusun Indeks Seleksi pada 11 Populasi Kedelai Generasi F6

High-yielding variety is one of the targets in soybean breeding program. High-yielding variety could be developed through simultaneous selection. Simultaneous selection using selection index was more efficient than selection based on an individual trait only. Objective of the research was to select agronomic characters for construction selection index on 11 soybean populations F6 generation based on correlation analysis, path analysis, and heritability. The correlation analysis showed that number of branch, number of total nod, number of filled pod, number of unfilled pod, number of total pod, and percentage of filled pod have positively and significantly correlated with yield per plant. Based on path analysis, characters number of branch, number of unfilled pod, and number of filled pod have positive direct on yield per plant. The result also showed that number of filled pod has maximum positive direct effect on yield per plant. Generally, number of total nod, number of filled pod, number of total pod, and percentage of filled pod have higher heritability than other characters