MODIS STANDARD (OC3) CHLOROPHYLL-A ALGORITHM EVALUATION IN INDONESIAN SEAS

The MODIS-estimated chlorophyll-a information was widely used in some operational application in Indonesia. However, there is no information about the performance of MODIS chlorophyll-a in Indonesian seas and there is no data used in development of algorithm was taken in Indonesian seas. Even the algorithm was validated in other area, it is important to know the performance of the algorithm work in Indonesian seas. Performance of MODIS Standard (OC3) algorithm at Indonesian seas was analyzed in this paper. The in-situ chlorophyll-a concentration data was collected during MOMSEI (Monsoon Offset Monitoring and Its Social and Ecosystem Impact) 2012 Cruise 25th April – 12th   May 2012 and also from archived data of the Research and Development Center for Marine Coastal Resources, Agency of Marine and Fisheries Research and Development, Indonesian Ministry of  Marine Affairs and Fisheries. The in-situ data used in this research is located in Indian Ocean the west of Sumatera part and Pacific Ocean the north of Papua Province part. Satellite data which is used is Ocean Color MODIS Level-2 Product that downloaded from NASA and MODIS L-0 from LAPAN Ground Station. MODIS Level 0 from LAPAN then processed to Level-2  using latest SeaDAS Software. The match-up resulted the MNB(%) is -4.8% that means satellite-estimated was underestimate in 4.8 % and RMSE is 0.058. When the data was separated following to the data source, the correlation and trend line equation became better. From MOMSEI Cruise data, the MNB(%) was -18.8% and RMSE 0.05. From Pacific Ocean Data, MNB (%) was -27 % and RMSE 0.049. From SONNE Cruise 2005, MNB (%) was -27 % and RMSE 0.049. MODIS standard algorithm is work well in Indonesia case-1 seawaters, which contain chlorophyll-a only, and derived that influence to the electromagnetic wave

VALIDATION OF COCHLODINIUM POLYKRIKOIDES RED TIDE DETECTION USING SEAWIFS-DERIVED CHLOROPHYLL-A DATA WITH NFRDI RED TIDE MAP IN SOUTH EAST KOREAN WATERS

Annual summer red tides of Cochlodinium polykrikoides have happenned at southern coastal  of the South Korea, accounted economic losses of 76.4 billion won in 1995 on fisheries and other economic substantial losses. Therefore, it is important to eliminate the damage and losses by monitoring the bloom and to forecast their development and movement. On previous study, ocean color satellite, SeaWiFS, standard chlorophyll-a data was used to detect the red tide, using threshold value of chlorophyll-a concentration ≥ 5 mg/m3, resulted a good correlation using visual comparison. However, statistic based accuracy analysis has not be done yet. In this study, the accuracy of detection method was analyzed using spatial statistic. Spatial statistical match up analysis resulted 68% of red tide area was not presented in satellite data due to masking. Within red tide area where data existed, 36% was in high chlorophyll-a area and 64% was in low chlorophyll-a area. Within the high chlorophyll-a area 13% and 87% was in and out of the red tide area. It was found that the accuracy of this detection is low. However if the accuracy was yearly splitted, its found that 75% accuracy on 2002 where visually red tide detected spead out to the off-shore area. The fail and false detection are not due to the failure of the detection method but caused by limitation of the technology due to the natural condition i.e. type of red tide spreading, cloud cover and other flags such as turbid water, stray light etc

EVALUATION OF MANGROVE DAMAGE LEVEL BASED ON LANDSAT 8 IMAGE

Monitoring of mangrove damage in Java requires special attention because the mangrove vegetation has been under pressure from various other land uses which are considered more productive. This paper applied quick-mangrove-damage-detection technique using Landsat 8. The purpose of this study is to develop mangrove damage identification algorithm using Landsat 8. The findings from field survey in Segara Anakan-Cilacap show that major mangrove logging generates the growth of minor mangrove, specifically Derris and Acanthus type; the minor mangrove cover area is categorized as high density based on NDVI value. The index use does not meet the actual condition in the field. This study proposes a new index as mangrove quality indicator. The new proposed mangrove index is derived from 2 bands that could differentiate mangrove vegetation where different digital number of two bands is higher from mangrove forest than non-mangrove forest. That phenomenon is caused the low of SWIR spectral on mangrove forest due to absorption by wet soil below the mangrove forest where flooded in high tide.  The new mangrove index is formulated as (NIR – SWIR / NIR x SWIR) x 10000. The new mangrove index has good correlation with density of major mangrove in the field, and also good correlation with mangrove degradation map. Mangrove index has been functioning properly and can be applied in Segara Anakan, Cilacap and potentially can be applied in other locations

UTILIZATION OF IKONOS IMAGE AND SRTM AS ALTERNATIVE CONTROL POINT REFERENCE FOR ALOS DEM GENERATION

Abstract. Digital Elevation Model (DEM) was generated from Advanced LandObservation Satellite - The Panchromatic Remote-Sensing Instrument for Stereo Mapping(ALOS PRISM) stereo data using image matching and collinear correlation based on LeicaPhotogrametry Suite (LPS) software. The process needs three dimension of Ground ControlPoint (GCP) or Control Point (CP) XYZ as input data for collinear correlation to determineexterior orientation coefficient. The main problem of the DEM generation is the difficultyto obtain the accurate field measurement GCP in many areas. Therefore, another alternativeCP sources are needed. The aim of this research was to study the possibility of (IKONOS)image and Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) X-C band to be used as CPreference for ALOS PRISM DEM generation. The study area was Sragen and Bandungregion. The DEM of each study area was generated using 2 methods: generated using fieldmeasurement GCPs taken by differential GPS and generated using CPs from IKONOSimage (XY coordinat) and SRTM for (Z elevation). The generated DEMs were compared.The accuracy of both DEMs were evaluated using another field measurement GCPs. Theresult showed that the generated DEM using CPs from IKONOS and SRTM X-C hadrelatively same height pattern and height distribution along transect line with the DEMusing GCPs. The absolute accuracy of the DEM using CPs was about 60% - 80% lessaccuracy comparing to the DEM using GCPs. This research showed that IKONOS imageand SRTM X-C band can be considered as good alternative CP source to generate highaccuracy DEM from ALOS PRISM stereo data

PEMANFAATAN DATA PENGINDERAAN JAUH UNTUK MENDUKUNG PERENCANAAN OPERASI KEAMANAN LAUT DI LAUT ARAFURU (REMOTE SENSING APPLICATION FOR SUPPORTING MARITIME SECURITY OPERATIONS AT ARAFURU SEA)

Operasi keamanan laut dilakukan secara terus menerus oleh TNI-AL membutuhkan armada yang banyak untuk menjangkau wilayah laut Indonesia yang luas dan membutuhkan logistik yang mahal. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan suatu strategi yang dapat mengoptimalkan jumlah armada dan melakukan efisiensi kebutuhan logistik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengaplikasikan data penginderaan jauh untuk mendapatkan informasi waktu operasi yang rawan terhadap pelanggaran dan ancaman keamanan terkait dengan aktifitas penangkapan ikan. Dengan dasar pemikiran bahwa gangguan keamanan akan banyak terjadi pada daerah dengan tingkat aktifitas penangkapan ikan yang tinggi dan akan terkonsentrasi pada daerah-daerah dengan kesuburan perairan yang tinggi. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data konsentrasi klorofil-a yang diperoleh dari data MODIS level-2 dari NASA Amerika Serikat. Data harian selama 5 tahun dari 2008 sampai 2013 dijadikan rata-rata bulanan sehingga diperoleh variasi bulanan selama satu tahun dalam selang waktu 5 tahun. Analisa dilakukan pada seluruh area, dan juga pada unit-unit area yang lebih kecil untuk melihat apakah ada perbedaan pada unit-unit area yang lebih kecil tersebut. Perbedaan variasi pada unit terkecil bisa membedakan penentuan waktu operasi keamanan laut yang akan dilakukan pada area tersebut. Hasil analisa menunjukkan bahwa terjadi kenaikan kandungan klorofil-a pada bulan Mei- September. Sehingga dapat disarankan untuk lebih mengintensifkan operasi kamla pada waktu-waktu tersebut. Secara umum tidak terjadi perbedaan pada unit-unit yang lebih kecil, tetapi hanya berupa perubahan awal dan akhir waktu tingginya konsentrasi klorofil-a pada area yang berbeda. Kata kunci: Penginderaan jauh, Keamaman laut, Klorofil-

KAJIAN PENGGUNAAN DATA INDERAJA UNTUK PEMETAAN GARIS PANTAI (STUDI KASUS PANTAI UTARA JAKARTA)

Shore line is important to define seawater administration borders of a province, a district, and a city related to decentralization. The shore line can be extracted from remote sensing data. However, the definition of vertical datum reference for the shore line and low water level place are totally defferent. The sea water level position for shore line used in the hydrographic mapping is mean high sea level (MHSL), while the sea water level for shore line used in the geodetic mapping is mean sea level (MSL). However, remote sensing data were recorded in specific time that also have a specific sea water level, might be in a high or a low sea level depending on the location. Objectives of this research are to understand the position of the sea water level for the shore line mapping when the Landsat 7 is acquired and how to adjust to make a standard shore line definition. The landsat ETM+ compositing of 543 (RGB) Maritime and Navigation Map of 1 : 50.000 scale were overlaid and compared in same condition of spheroid, datum, and projection system. In the area where there is no significant change due to the dynamic of coastal processes, the result of the overlaid image and map indicated that the shore line matched between each other. However, in the area where there are some indicated change, resulted on some differences between the shore line from the image and the map. The sea level position when the image was acquired was in high sea level and the image shore line was as same as the hydrographic shore line. There are two conditions when an image is acquired on a difference water level position. The shore line position would not change in area without 0 meter contour line and would change in area have 0 meter contour line. Adjustment should be made in the second condition. Key word: Shore line, Landsa

Analisis Sebaran Konsentrasi Suhu Permukaan Laut Dan pH Untuk Pembuatan Peta Lokasi Budidaya Kerapu Bebek Menggunakan Citra Satelit Landsat -8 (Studi Kasus: Teluk Lampung, Lampung)

Suhu permukaan laut dan pH merupakan parameter kualitas air yang memiliki peranan sangat penting untuk kelangsungan budidaya ikan kerapu bebek karena dapat mempengaruhi metabolisme pertumbuhan ikan. Salah satu perairan di Indonesia yang memiliki potensi sebagai lokasi budidaya kerapu bebek adalah Teluk Lampung. Dijelaskan dalam Standart Nasional Indonesia (SNI) 6487.4:2011 tentang “Produksi Pembesaran Ikan Kerapu Bebek di Keramba Jaring Apung (KJA)”, suhu permukaan laut dan pH merupakan parameter yang mempengaruhi kualitas air laut. Dalam penelitian ini, metode yang digunakan untuk menentukan sebaran suhu permukaan laut adalah penginderaan jauh menggunakan citra satelit Landsat-8. Hal ini dikarenakan citra Landsat-8 dapat bekerja pada gelombang tampak (visible spectrum) dimana terdapat kanal– kanal yang dapat digunakan untuk mengekstrak konsentrasi suhu permukaan laut di perairan. Sebaran estimasi suhu permukaan laut di perairan Teluk Lampung ditentukan menggunakan algoritma Syariz [8], sedangkan sebaran konsentrasi pH ditentukan menggunakan metode interpolasi Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW). Kondisi suhu permukaan laut dan pH di perairan Teluk Lampung sudah cukup sesuai dengan batas nilai yang tercantum dalam SNI 6487.4:2011 untuk dijadikan sebagai lokasi budidaya kerapu bebek. Sebaran suhu permukaan laut menunjukkan dominasi nilai 26,05-30,05 ˚C dan pH menunjukkan dominasi nilai 7,000–13,99. Berdasarkan hasil intersect terhadap sebaran suhu permukaan laut dan pH di perairan Teluk Lampung, didapatkan wilayah perairan seluas 85.334,41 ha yang dapat digunakan sebagai lokasi budidaya kerapu bebek

KUALITAS LINGKUNGAN PERAIRAN DAN POTENSI PRODUKSI IKAN KAWASAN KONSERVASI TERUBUK BENGKALIS (Tenualosa macrura Bleeker, 1852)

Terubuk Bengkalis (Tenualosa macrura) yang hidup di perairan Bengkalis dinyatakan terancam punah akibat eksploitasi berlebih dan penurunan kualitas perairan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa kualitas perairan habitat terubuk Bengkalis, menggunakan data parameter oseanografi hasil pengukuran in-situ. Selain itu, data penginderaan jauh berupa citra Landsat 8 digunakan untuk analisa tutupan mangrove (hutan bakau) serta citra MODIS-Aqua (Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) untuk analisis produktivitas primer (NPP). Penelitian dilaksanakan selama April-November 2015. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan total luas tutupan mangrove yang teridentifikasi citra Satelit Landsat 8 (2015) mencapai 11.736,2 Ha, berkurang sekitar 4.470,8 Ha dalam waktu 12 tahun (2003-2015) dengan laju kehilangan 372,5 Ha/tahun. Dari aspek oseanografi, kawasan konservasi ikan terubuk merupakan perairan dangkal dengan tingkat kecerahan rendah (0,54-0,95 m); suhu perairan relatif tinggi berkisar 29,15-31,87 0C (rata-rata 300C) dan salinitas rata-rata tergolong rendah (28,77-29,22 ppt). Nilai sebaran pH dan oksigen terlarut/DO juga rendah yakni pH 6,3-8,9 (rata-rata pH 7) dan DO 3,90-4,98 mg/l (di bawah Baku Mutu Air Laut). Komposisi substrat dasar didominasi lumpur, dengan prosentase 67,4-89,8%, sehingga perairan ini umumnya keruh. Perairan ini tergolong subur (eutropik) dengan kelimpahan fitoplankton tinggi (23.584 - 95.616 sel/l) terdiri dari 32-52 genera. Produktivitas primer juga tinggi, rata-rata 288,87 mgC/m2/hari dengan potensi produksi ikan 3.680,2 ton/tahun. Terubuk Bengkalis (Tenualosa macrura) is an endemic tropical shad fish that live in Bengkalis waters.This species has been declared endangered due to over exploitation and environmental degradation. The current research aimed to analyze the environmental quality of the species. The data used in this research were consited of in-situ measurement and remote sensing data: Landsat 8 Satellite imagery for mangrove cover observation and MODIS (Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) imagery for Net Primary Productivity (NPP). The results showed that the cover of mangrove vegetation along the coast of Bengkalis Island dentified by Landsat 8 Satellite imagery was11.736,24 Ha. The total loss of cover mangrove vegetation is estimated about 4.470,83 Ha, decreased drastically in 12 years (2003-2015) with a loss rate of 372.5 Ha/year. The habitat of shad fish is shallow water category. The water quality was too turbid (brightness level 0.54-0.95 m); warm water temperature of 29.,15-31.87 0C (average 300C); and low salinity (28,77-29,22 ppt). The relatively low pH and dissolved oxygen content were determined: pH ranged between 6,3-8,9 (mean7) and the DO: 3,90-4,98 mg/l (under the Sea Water Quality Standard).The substrat was dominated by mud (67,4-89,8%) in Bengkalis Strait sub area due to the turbidity. However, these waters are euthropic level category with a high abundance of phytoplankton ranging from 23,584-95,616 cells/l and the species richness varies from 32-52 species. The primary productivity level of waters was also quite high was average of 288,87 mgC/m2/day resulting an estimation of potential of fish biomass value about 3.680,2 ton/year