PENGARUH PENGAWASAN, TARIF CUKAI, DAN BATASAN MINIMUM HARGA JUAL ECERAN TERHADAP TANGKAPAN ROKOK ILEGAL

Illegal cigarettes are very dangerous, both for health and for state revenue, so DJBC, as the agency authorized to oversee the circulation of cigarettes, must catch illegal cigarettes to suppress the circulation of illegal cigarettes in the future. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of supervision, excise tariffs, and minimum HJE limits on illegal cigarette catches in Indonesia. The authors carried out a descriptive analysis of the realization of supervision budget data, number of DJBC employees, excise rates, minimum retail selling price limits, and catches of illegal cigarettes. The authors obtained these data from the Directorate General of Customs and Excise and from the Central Bureau of Statistics. The result is that the increase in excise rates and the minimum HJE limit in Indonesia so far have not had a significant impact on illegal cigarette catches. The only thing the government can do to suppress the circulation of illegal cigarettes is to strengthen supervision by increasing the supervision budget and human resources, both in terms of quantity and quality. Tightening the overall supervision will be able to optimize the catch of illegal cigarettes and reduce the circulation of illegal cigarettes in the future

PENGARUH PENGAWASAN, TARIF CUKAI, DAN BATASAN MINIMUM HARGA JUAL ECERAN TERHADAP TANGKAPAN ROKOK ILEGAL

Illegal cigarettes are very dangerous, both for health and for state revenue, so DJBC, as the agency authorized to oversee the circulation of cigarettes, must catch illegal cigarettes to suppress the circulation of illegal cigarettes in the future. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of supervision, excise tariffs, and minimum HJE limits on illegal cigarette catches in Indonesia. The authors carried out a descriptive analysis of the realization of supervision budget data, number of DJBC employees, excise rates, minimum retail selling price limits, and catches of illegal cigarettes. The authors obtained these data from the Directorate General of Customs and Excise and from the Central Bureau of Statistics. The result is that the increase in excise rates and the minimum HJE limit in Indonesia so far have not had a significant impact on illegal cigarette catches. The only thing the government can do to suppress the circulation of illegal cigarettes is to strengthen supervision by increasing the supervision budget and human resources, both in terms of quantity and quality. Tightening the overall supervision will be able to optimize the catch of illegal cigarettes and reduce the circulation of illegal cigarettes in the future

Hubungan Vertical Fiscal Imbalance dan Local Taxing Power di Indonesia: Perbandingan Daerah Induk vs Daerah Otonom Baru, 2010 - 2020

Penelitian ini ingin menjawab pertanyaan tentang bagaimana hubungan antara vertical fiscal imbalance dan local taxing power? Apakah ketika vertical fiscal imbalance mengalami penurunan akan menyebabkan local taxing power mengalami kenaikan? atau sebaliknya. Kemudian seberapa besar magnitude dari perubahan vertical fiscal imbalance ini terhadap local taxing power di level kabupaten dan kota, baik yang merupakan daerah induk maupun daerah otonom baru. Dengan menggunakan model fixed effect, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketika ketergantungan terhadap transfer pemerintah pusat berkurang, baik kabupaten maupun kota di daerah otonom baru cenderung menunjukkan performa yang lebih baik dibandingkan kabupaten/kota di daerah induk

Kombinasi Penggunaan Butorphanol, Medetomidine dan Midazolam pada Anastesia Badak Sumatera di Sumatran Rhino Sanctuary (SRS) Taman Nasional Way Kambas (TNWK)

Badak Sumatera merupakan salah satu satwa liar yang semakin menurun populasinya dan saat ini terdapat 8 ekor badak Sumatera yang tinggal di habitat semi insitu SRS Tn Way Kambas. Pemeriksaan gigi dan dental floating merupakan salah satu tindakan medis yang rutin dilakukan dalam kondisi teranastesi pada badak Sumatera di SRS. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek pemberian dari kombinasi obat bius Butorphanol, Medetomidine dan Midazolam selama prosedur kegiatan dental floating berlangsung. Pengambilan data dilakukan pada tiga ekor badak jantan dewasa di SRS berumur 10 tahun (jantan 1), 15 tahun (jantan 2), dan 21 tahun (jantan 3) dalam keadaan sehat. Ketiga badak tidak dipuasakan sebelum kegiatan anastesi dilakukan. Metode anastesi dibagi menjadi tiga tahap yaitu pemberian induksi, supplementary drug dan antidota (recovery). Sediaan obat bius sebagai prosedur induksi adalah 40-50 mg Butorphanol, 3-4 mg Medetomidine dan 15 mg Midazolam yang diberikan secara intramuskular (IM). Pengambilan data dilakukan selama prosedur dental floating berlangsung dengan memperhatikan perubahan nilai respirasi, suhu tubuh, dan denyut jantung pada setiap tahapannya. Induksi menggunakan kombinasi obat Butorphanol, Medetomidine dan Midazolam memperlihatkan efek anastesi rata-rata pada 6±2,6 menit dan efek sternal recumbency muncul rata-rata pada 24±16,5 menit. Badak terlihat diam berdiri, hilang kesadaran, penis relaksasi, hipersalivasi, tidak merespon lingkungan, hingga muncul respon sternal recumbency. Pengambilan data parameter fisiologis (suhu tubuh, respirasi, denyut jantung) dan saturasi oksigen dilakukan setelah badak dalam poisisi sternal recumbency pada rentang waktu 3-5 menit. Nilai rata-rata saturasi oksigen adalah 98,5% (jantan 1), 94% (jantan 2), dan 91% (jantan 3), nilai rata-rata pemeriksaan suhu tubuh adalah 36,90c (jantan 1), 36,90c (jantan 2), dan 37,30c (jantan 3), nilai rata-rata frekuensi nafas adalah 13,5x/menit (jantan 1), 12,8x/menit (jantan 2), dan 15,7x/menit (jantan 3), dan nilai rata-rata denyut jantung adalah 46 x/menit (jantan 1), 39x/menit (jantan 2), dan 43,9 x/menit (jantan 3). Obat supplementary yang digunakan selama prosedur berlangsung adalah Ketamine yang memberikan efek sedasi lebih lama. Penggunaan Naltrexone dan Atipamezole sebagai reversal atau antidota memperlihatkan efek yang cukup cepat yaitu 1 menit setelah pemberian secara intravena (IV). Kombinasi Butorphanol, Medetomidine dan Midazolam dapat memberikan efek anastesi yang baik ditandai dengan kondisi relaksasi otot yang baik, respon denyut jantung serta respirasi yang normal.Sumatran rhino is a critically endangered species and their population decreased every year. Currently, there are 8 Sumatran rhinos living in the semi-in situ habitat of SRS in Way Kambas National Park (TNWK). Dental check-ups and dental floating are one of the routine medical procedures performed under anesthesia for Sumatran rhinos at SRS. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of using anesthetic combination of Butorphanol, Medetomidine and Midazolam during the dental floating procedure. Data were collected on three adult male rhinos in SRS aged 10 years (1st male), 15 years (2nd male), and 21 years (3rd male) and they were not fasted before anesthesia. The anesthetic method is divided into three stages: induction, maintenance/supplementary and antidote (recovery). The anesthetic drugs that were used are 40-50 mg Butorphanol, 3-4 mg Medetomidine and 15 mg Midazolam by intramuscular (IM) injection. Data were collected by taking the result of respiration rate, body temperature rate and heart rate from each stage. Induction using a combination of drugs Butorphanol, Medetomidine and Midazolam showed an average anesthetic effect at 6±2.6 minutes and the average sternal recumbency effect appeared at 24±16.5 minutes. Rhinos were seen standing still, lost consciousness, relaxed penis, hypersalivation, did not respond to the environment, until a sternal recumbency response appeared. Data collection on physiological parameters (body temperature, respiration, heart rate) and oxygen saturation was carried out after the rhino was in the position of sternal recumbency every 3-5 minutes during the process. The average value of oxygen saturation was 98.5% (1st male), 94% (2nd male), and 91% (3rd male), the average value of body temperature examination was 36.90c (1st male), 36.90c (2nd male), and 37.30c (3rd male), the average respiration rates were 13.5x/minute (1st male), 12.8x/minute (2nd male), and 15.7x/minute (3rd male) , and the average heart rate values ​​were 46 beats/minute (1st male), 39x/minute (2nd male), and 43.9 x/minute (3rd male). The supplementary drug used during the procedure is Ketamine which provides a longer sedative effect. The use of Naltrexone and Atipamezole as a reversal or antidote shows a fairly rapid effect, which is 1 minute after intravenous (IV) administration. The combination of Butorphanol, Medetomidine and Midazolam can provide a good anesthetic effect characterized by good muscle relaxation, normal heart rate and respiration rate responses

INCREASING MATERNAL KNOWLEDGE IN PREVENTING STUNTING THROUGH COMMUNITY-BASED NUTRITION EDUCATION

Stunting is a disorder of growth and development of children due to chronic malnutrition and recurrent infections, which is characterized by their length or height being below the standards set by the minister who organizes government affairs in the health sector. The respondents in this activity were mothers and toddlers in RW 02, RT 01, 02, and 03. The sample in this activity was 42 toddler. The purpose of this activity is to increase mothers' knowledge about feeding, especially fruits and vegetables with balanced nutritional content for toddlers. The method used is the Wilcoxon Test with a confidence level of 95% and α = 0.05. The results and discussion using the Wilcoxon test showed an increase in maternal knowledge related to stunting. There are 5 toddlers affected by stunting. There are efforts to change behavior for the better and increase maternal knowledge in stunting prevention, namely by socialization about the importance of preventing stunting, nutritious food demos, posters of processed fruit and vegetable creations, and distribution of PMT (Supplementary Feeding)

Role of Environmental Self -Auditing and Audit Policies in Regulatory Compliance

113 p.Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2007.We examine the effect of voluntary efforts to self-audit on compliance with Clean Air Act regulations. It also examines the effect that state audit and immunity laws have on the incentives for improving compliance. Using data for a sample of S&P 500 firms, we estimate a bivariate probit model with compliance status and decision to self-audit as two discrete choice variables and a duration model with the length of compliance month as the dependent variable. The empirical analysis controls for the incentives created for compliance and for self-auditing by regulatory and community-based pressures and by pressures created through toxic release information disclosure. We find that facilities belonging to firms subject to inspections in the past, that face a stronger threat of liabilities for Superfund sites, that are more visible due to size and that have a larger ratio of toxic releases relative to the industry are more likely to undertake an environmental audit. Facilities that self-audit are more likely to be and stay longer in compliance with Clean Air Act regulations. Audit privilege and immunity policies have significant and opposite effects on facilities. While audit privilege policies reduce incentives for compliance, audit immunity policies significantly increase them, particularly for firms that have high costs of abatement and would otherwise have a higher likelihood of being in violation. Additionally, we find that facilities that achieve larger reductions in their toxic releases compared to their industry/region are more likely to be and stay longer in compliance with air regulations.U of I OnlyRestricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETD

Fostering Regulatory Compliance: The Role of Environmental Self-Auditing and Audit Policies

This paper examines the effect of voluntary efforts to self-audit on compliance with Clean Air Act regulations. It also examines the effect that state audit privilege and immunity laws have on the incentives for auditing and for improving compliance. Using data for a sample of S&P 500 firms, we correct for the endogeneity of the environmental audit decision by estimating a bivariate probit model with 'compliance status’ and 'decision to self-audit’ as two discrete choice variables. Our empirical analysis controls for compliance and self-auditing incentives created by regulatory and community-based pressures. We find that those facilities belonging to firms that have been subject to inspections in the past, that face a stronger threat of liabilities for Superfund sites, and that are more visible due to size are more likely to undertake an environmental audit. State audit privilege and immunity laws are not found to have a statistically significant effect on incentives for self-auditing. Facilities that self-audit are more likely to be in compliance with Clean Air Act regulations. However, audit privilege policies are found to have a statistically significant negative impact on compliance while audit immunity laws are found to have an insignificant impact on compliance.

EVALUASI KEBIJAKAN PENGELOLAAN PENDIDIKAN INKLUSI (STUDI KASUS DI SD N GIWANGAN YOGYAKARTA)

Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pelaksanaan pendidikan inklusi di SD Giwangan Yogyakarta, selain itu mengetahui bagaimana evaluasi kebijakan pengelolaan pendidikan inklusi, serta hasil kebijakan dari pengelolaan pendidikan inklusi yang diterapkan. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif, dengan melakukan pengumpulan data di SD N Giwangan Yogyakarta, metode untuk mengumpulkan data dengan metode wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi dan keabsahan data. Sedangkan teknik analisis data yang digunakan yakni pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Adapun hasil yang didapat berdasarkan penelitian dengan judul Evaluasi Kebijakan Pengelolaan Pendidikan Inklusi (studi kasus di SD Giwangan Yogyakarta) sebagai berikut, (1) Proses seleksi peserta didik berkebutuhan khusus di SD Giwangan Yogyakarta meliputi Identifikasi yaitu berupa proses penjaringan terhadap peserta didik berkebutuhan khusus dalam rangka pemberian layanan pendidikan yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan, dan assesmen yaitu proses pengumpulan informasi yang dimaksudkan untuk memahami keunggulan dan hambatan belajar, (2) kurikulum yang digunakan untuk peserta didik berkebutuhan khusus yakni kurikulum modifikasi, kurikulum modifikasi tersebut disusun sendiri oleh guru pendamping khusus dengan melihat identifikasi dan assesmen yang dimiki oleh peserta didik, (3) keputusan yang diambil oleh pihak sekolah mengenai kebijakan pengelolaan pendidikan inklusi yaitu, merekrut guru pendamping khusus mandiri bagi orang tua peserta didik berkebutuhan khusus yang menghendaki karena biaya untuk guru pendamping khusus mandiri ditanggung oleh wali peserta didik, dan untuk penerimaan peserta didik berkebutuhan khusus setiap tahun ajaran baru sejumlah dua orang

Dampak Kenaikan Upah Minimum Terhadap Kesenjangan Upah Antar Gender: Kasus di Seluruh Provinsi di Indonesia

Wage gap disparities have become polemic in almost all countries in the world, especially in developing countries. Minimum wage is present as a policy on wage system that aims to be a safety net for workers. Although this policy is not a gender-oriented policy, if the number of women and the actual wage distance of women's minimum wage is lower than that of men, then the minimum wage may raise the wage gap. This study aims to examine the impact of minimum wage increases on wage gap across all provinces in Indonesia by using counterfactual methods on wage distribution. The results of this study indicate that the impact of minimum wages in Indonesia actually widen the wage gap between the gender especially on workers in the distribution of low wages. The impact of regional minium wages varies across provinces