Adolescent Externalizing Symptoms and Parent Emotion Socialization: An Examination of Longitudinal Effects and Differences by Adolescent Sex

Adolescence is an important developmental context with several changes in social and emotional functioning. Though adolescents are gaining independence from their caregivers, they still engage in dynamic interactions with their caregivers who remain key figures in their lives. When adolescents express emotions, caregivers engage in various behaviors in response to these expressions, a process known as emotion socialization. This process has mostly been examined as a parent-driven construct in which parent emotion socialization impacts child-level outcomes, namely internalizing symptoms, with limited research on externalizing symptoms. However, available literature demonstrates that child-level characteristics (e.g., externalizing symptoms) are linked to differences in parent emotion socialization. Extending on Eisenberg and colleagues’ (1998) heuristic model of emotion socialization, the present study aims to examine externalizing behaviors as a child-level characteristic that may have impacts on parent emotion socialization strategies over time in a sample of adolescents. Participants were 87 adolescents (13-15 years old; 50 females) and their caregivers who completed self-report and other report measures across three time points. Change in adolescent externalizing symptoms did not predict change in parent emotion socialization over time. Supplementary analyses indicated that time 1 conduct problems did not predict change in parent emotion socialization. Future directions and clinical implications are discussed

Parent Emotion Socialization and Emerging Adult Internalizing Symptoms: Differences and Moderation by Rurality

Emerging adulthood is a unique developmental period from late adolescence to late 20s during which individuals experience a multitude of developmental transitions and are at an increased risk for internalizing symptoms. Parent emotion socialization in childhood can also contribute to risk for internalizing symptoms and is shaped by parent gender and sociocultural context. Rurality is a sociocultural context that has implications for parenting, but less research has explored how parent emotion socialization varies by rurality. The present study examined maternal and paternal emotion socialization in relation to rurality and emerging adult internalizing symptoms. Participants were 270 emerging adults (18-29 years old; 65.6% female) from a regional university who completed several self-report measures. Maternal and paternal emotion socialization responses did not differ by rurality but evidenced unique associations with emerging adult internalizing symptoms. Rurality did not moderate these associations. Clinical implications and future directions are discussed

Closeness and control : exploring the relationship between prayer and mental health.

This study explores the relationship between prayer and mental health in the context of two factors of a perceived relationship with God: closeness to God, and an indirect locus of control through God. Three models were tested for mediation using structural equation modeling to assess the separate and combined effects in an online sample of 330 praying adults from predominantly Christian backgrounds. Closeness to God proved to be a superior mediator. Counselors should consider prayer behaviors when culturally relevant, and encourage meditative and colloquial prayer for clients where increased sources of perceived social support would be beneficial

Trajetória de crescimento para microempreendedores: diferencial de gênero dos clientes do programa crediamigo

Resumo Os programas de microcrédito vêm se expandindo em diversos países como alternativa para inserção produtiva dos microempreendedores de baixa renda. Na maioria dos casos, os programas possuem um viés na alocação dos empréstimos em favor das mulheres, assumindo que estas absorvem os compromissos de pagamentos como o fazem com suas responsabilidades familiares e sociais. Desta forma, as mulheres microempreendedoras teriam trajetórias de crescimento mais conservadoras. O objetivo deste trabalho é verificar se existe uma trajetória de crescimento para esse tipo de clientela, e se ela é diferenciada em relação ao gênero. Para isto, estimam-se equações de crescimento para os microempreendimentos dos clientes do Programa Crediamigo para o período de 2005 a 2009. Utilizam-se modelos lineares de efeitos mistos, como proposto por Rabe-Hesketh e Skrondal (2012). Os resultados mostram que existe uma trajetória de crescimento, mas com retornos decrescentes. Adicionalmente, as taxas médias de retorno são um pouco maiores para os homens; porém as mulheres possuem menores riscos em suas trajetórias