Table_5_New evidence for the effect of type 2 diabetes and glycemic traits on testosterone levels: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.xlsx

ObjectiveType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an endocrine-related disease with an increasing incidence worldwide. Male sexual dysfunction is common in diabetic patients. Therefore, we designed a Mendelian randomization (MR) study to investigate the association of type 2 diabetes and 3 glycemic traits with testosterone levels.MethodsUncorrelated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with T2DM (N = 228), fasting insulin (N = 38), fasting glucose (N = 71), and HbA1c (N = 75) at the genome-wide significance were selected as instrument variables. Genetic associations with testosterone levels (total testosterone, TT, bioavailable testosterone, BT, and sex hormone-binding globulin, SHBG) were obtained from the UK Biobank studies and other large consortia. Two-sample MR analysis was used to minimize the bias caused by confounding factors and response causality. Multivariable MR analysis was performed using Body mass index (BMI), Triglycerides (TG), LDL cholesterol (LDL), and adiponectin to adjust for the effects of potential confounders.ResultsType 2 diabetes mellitus was associated with the decrease of total testosterone (β: -0.021,95%CI: -0.032, -0.010, pConclusionsUsing MR Analysis, we found independent effects of type 2 diabetes, fasting insulin, and HbA1c on total testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin after maximum exclusion of the effects of obesity, BMI, TG, LDL and Adiponectin.</p

Table_3_New evidence for the effect of type 2 diabetes and glycemic traits on testosterone levels: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.xlsx

ObjectiveType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an endocrine-related disease with an increasing incidence worldwide. Male sexual dysfunction is common in diabetic patients. Therefore, we designed a Mendelian randomization (MR) study to investigate the association of type 2 diabetes and 3 glycemic traits with testosterone levels.MethodsUncorrelated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with T2DM (N = 228), fasting insulin (N = 38), fasting glucose (N = 71), and HbA1c (N = 75) at the genome-wide significance were selected as instrument variables. Genetic associations with testosterone levels (total testosterone, TT, bioavailable testosterone, BT, and sex hormone-binding globulin, SHBG) were obtained from the UK Biobank studies and other large consortia. Two-sample MR analysis was used to minimize the bias caused by confounding factors and response causality. Multivariable MR analysis was performed using Body mass index (BMI), Triglycerides (TG), LDL cholesterol (LDL), and adiponectin to adjust for the effects of potential confounders.ResultsType 2 diabetes mellitus was associated with the decrease of total testosterone (β: -0.021,95%CI: -0.032, -0.010, pConclusionsUsing MR Analysis, we found independent effects of type 2 diabetes, fasting insulin, and HbA1c on total testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin after maximum exclusion of the effects of obesity, BMI, TG, LDL and Adiponectin.</p

Table_7_New evidence for the effect of type 2 diabetes and glycemic traits on testosterone levels: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.xlsx

ObjectiveType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an endocrine-related disease with an increasing incidence worldwide. Male sexual dysfunction is common in diabetic patients. Therefore, we designed a Mendelian randomization (MR) study to investigate the association of type 2 diabetes and 3 glycemic traits with testosterone levels.MethodsUncorrelated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with T2DM (N = 228), fasting insulin (N = 38), fasting glucose (N = 71), and HbA1c (N = 75) at the genome-wide significance were selected as instrument variables. Genetic associations with testosterone levels (total testosterone, TT, bioavailable testosterone, BT, and sex hormone-binding globulin, SHBG) were obtained from the UK Biobank studies and other large consortia. Two-sample MR analysis was used to minimize the bias caused by confounding factors and response causality. Multivariable MR analysis was performed using Body mass index (BMI), Triglycerides (TG), LDL cholesterol (LDL), and adiponectin to adjust for the effects of potential confounders.ResultsType 2 diabetes mellitus was associated with the decrease of total testosterone (β: -0.021,95%CI: -0.032, -0.010, pConclusionsUsing MR Analysis, we found independent effects of type 2 diabetes, fasting insulin, and HbA1c on total testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin after maximum exclusion of the effects of obesity, BMI, TG, LDL and Adiponectin.</p

Table_6_New evidence for the effect of type 2 diabetes and glycemic traits on testosterone levels: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.xlsx

ObjectiveType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an endocrine-related disease with an increasing incidence worldwide. Male sexual dysfunction is common in diabetic patients. Therefore, we designed a Mendelian randomization (MR) study to investigate the association of type 2 diabetes and 3 glycemic traits with testosterone levels.MethodsUncorrelated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with T2DM (N = 228), fasting insulin (N = 38), fasting glucose (N = 71), and HbA1c (N = 75) at the genome-wide significance were selected as instrument variables. Genetic associations with testosterone levels (total testosterone, TT, bioavailable testosterone, BT, and sex hormone-binding globulin, SHBG) were obtained from the UK Biobank studies and other large consortia. Two-sample MR analysis was used to minimize the bias caused by confounding factors and response causality. Multivariable MR analysis was performed using Body mass index (BMI), Triglycerides (TG), LDL cholesterol (LDL), and adiponectin to adjust for the effects of potential confounders.ResultsType 2 diabetes mellitus was associated with the decrease of total testosterone (β: -0.021,95%CI: -0.032, -0.010, pConclusionsUsing MR Analysis, we found independent effects of type 2 diabetes, fasting insulin, and HbA1c on total testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin after maximum exclusion of the effects of obesity, BMI, TG, LDL and Adiponectin.</p

Table_1_New evidence for the effect of type 2 diabetes and glycemic traits on testosterone levels: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.xlsx

ObjectiveType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an endocrine-related disease with an increasing incidence worldwide. Male sexual dysfunction is common in diabetic patients. Therefore, we designed a Mendelian randomization (MR) study to investigate the association of type 2 diabetes and 3 glycemic traits with testosterone levels.MethodsUncorrelated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with T2DM (N = 228), fasting insulin (N = 38), fasting glucose (N = 71), and HbA1c (N = 75) at the genome-wide significance were selected as instrument variables. Genetic associations with testosterone levels (total testosterone, TT, bioavailable testosterone, BT, and sex hormone-binding globulin, SHBG) were obtained from the UK Biobank studies and other large consortia. Two-sample MR analysis was used to minimize the bias caused by confounding factors and response causality. Multivariable MR analysis was performed using Body mass index (BMI), Triglycerides (TG), LDL cholesterol (LDL), and adiponectin to adjust for the effects of potential confounders.ResultsType 2 diabetes mellitus was associated with the decrease of total testosterone (β: -0.021,95%CI: -0.032, -0.010, pConclusionsUsing MR Analysis, we found independent effects of type 2 diabetes, fasting insulin, and HbA1c on total testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin after maximum exclusion of the effects of obesity, BMI, TG, LDL and Adiponectin.</p

Table_4_New evidence for the effect of type 2 diabetes and glycemic traits on testosterone levels: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.xlsx

ObjectiveType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an endocrine-related disease with an increasing incidence worldwide. Male sexual dysfunction is common in diabetic patients. Therefore, we designed a Mendelian randomization (MR) study to investigate the association of type 2 diabetes and 3 glycemic traits with testosterone levels.MethodsUncorrelated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with T2DM (N = 228), fasting insulin (N = 38), fasting glucose (N = 71), and HbA1c (N = 75) at the genome-wide significance were selected as instrument variables. Genetic associations with testosterone levels (total testosterone, TT, bioavailable testosterone, BT, and sex hormone-binding globulin, SHBG) were obtained from the UK Biobank studies and other large consortia. Two-sample MR analysis was used to minimize the bias caused by confounding factors and response causality. Multivariable MR analysis was performed using Body mass index (BMI), Triglycerides (TG), LDL cholesterol (LDL), and adiponectin to adjust for the effects of potential confounders.ResultsType 2 diabetes mellitus was associated with the decrease of total testosterone (β: -0.021,95%CI: -0.032, -0.010, pConclusionsUsing MR Analysis, we found independent effects of type 2 diabetes, fasting insulin, and HbA1c on total testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin after maximum exclusion of the effects of obesity, BMI, TG, LDL and Adiponectin.</p

Table_2_New evidence for the effect of type 2 diabetes and glycemic traits on testosterone levels: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.xlsx

ObjectiveType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an endocrine-related disease with an increasing incidence worldwide. Male sexual dysfunction is common in diabetic patients. Therefore, we designed a Mendelian randomization (MR) study to investigate the association of type 2 diabetes and 3 glycemic traits with testosterone levels.MethodsUncorrelated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with T2DM (N = 228), fasting insulin (N = 38), fasting glucose (N = 71), and HbA1c (N = 75) at the genome-wide significance were selected as instrument variables. Genetic associations with testosterone levels (total testosterone, TT, bioavailable testosterone, BT, and sex hormone-binding globulin, SHBG) were obtained from the UK Biobank studies and other large consortia. Two-sample MR analysis was used to minimize the bias caused by confounding factors and response causality. Multivariable MR analysis was performed using Body mass index (BMI), Triglycerides (TG), LDL cholesterol (LDL), and adiponectin to adjust for the effects of potential confounders.ResultsType 2 diabetes mellitus was associated with the decrease of total testosterone (β: -0.021,95%CI: -0.032, -0.010, pConclusionsUsing MR Analysis, we found independent effects of type 2 diabetes, fasting insulin, and HbA1c on total testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin after maximum exclusion of the effects of obesity, BMI, TG, LDL and Adiponectin.</p

Copper-Catalyzed Enantioselective Intramolecular <i>N</i>‑Arylation, an Efficient Method for Kinetic Resolutions

For the first time, copper-catalyzed intramolecular <i>N</i>-arylation was successfully applied to the kinetic resolution strategy. Under the catalysis of CuI–BINOL derived ligands, the kinetic resolution of <i>rac</i>-2-amino-3-(2-iodoaryl)propionates and <i>rac</i>-2-amino-4-(2-iodoaryl)butanoates afforded chiral intramolecular coupling products and recovered the starting materials in high enantioselectivity (<i>s</i> factors up to 245)

Copper-Catalyzed Enantioselective Intramolecular <i>N</i>‑Arylation, an Efficient Method for Kinetic Resolutions

For the first time, copper-catalyzed intramolecular <i>N</i>-arylation was successfully applied to the kinetic resolution strategy. Under the catalysis of CuI–BINOL derived ligands, the kinetic resolution of <i>rac</i>-2-amino-3-(2-iodoaryl)propionates and <i>rac</i>-2-amino-4-(2-iodoaryl)butanoates afforded chiral intramolecular coupling products and recovered the starting materials in high enantioselectivity (<i>s</i> factors up to 245)

Pd-Catalyzed Desymmetric Intramolecular <i>O</i>‑Arylation Reaction: Enantioselective Synthesis of (3,4-Dihydro‑2<i>H</i>‑chromen-3-yl)methanols

An enantioselective intramolecular <i>O</i>-arylation was achieved through desymmetrization with Pd-catalyzed coupling reactions. The intramolecular asymmetric aryl C–O coupling reactions of 2-(2-haloaryl)propane-1,3-diols led to the enantioselective formation of chiral (3,4-dihydro-2<i>H</i>-chromen-3-yl)methanols in good yields and high enantiomeric selectivity