Data_Sheet_1_What is effective classroom dialog? A comparative study of classroom dialog in Chinese expert and novice mathematics teachers’ classrooms.docx

Conducting effective classroom dialog is an important foundation for high-quality classrooms. This study investigates the characteristics of effective classroom dialog from the perspective of Chinese mathematics classrooms. Classroom videotapes from 40 expert and 33 novice teachers were selected from a national project and analyzed through a developed coding framework. Results showed that the dominant types of dialog in expert teachers’ classrooms were related to Basic Knowledge, Construction, Analysis, and Personal Information. Compared to novice teachers, expert teachers’ classrooms have a significantly lower proportion of dialog on Basic Knowledge and significantly higher proportions of dialog on Personal Information and Speculation. Based on expert teachers’ classrooms, the characteristics of effective classroom dialog in the Chinese context were discussed. The analytical framework for classroom dialog developed in this study could be a powerful tool for subsequent research. Suggestions are provided on increasing the effectiveness of classroom dialog.</p

β‑Amino Esters from the Reductive Ring Opening of Aziridine-2-carboxylates

A general study is undertaken to examine the scope of the reductive ring opening of aziridine-2-carboxylates with samarium diiodide. The competition between C–C and C–N bond cleavage is examined as a function of the nature of the N-substituent of the aziridine, the nature of the substituent in the 3-position of the aziridine, and whether the substituent in the 3-position is in a cis or trans relationship with the carboxylate in the 2-position. The desired C–N bond cleavage leads to β-amino esters that are the predominant products for most aziridines with an N-activating group. However, C–C cleavage products are observed with an aryl group in the 3-position; this can be particularly pronounced with <i>cis</i>-aziridines where a nearly equal mixture of the two is observed. Exclusive formation of the C–N cleavage product is observed for all aziridines with the strongly N-activating <i>p</i>-toluene sulfonate group. Similarly high selectivity is observed for the 2-trimethylsilylethyl sulfonate group (SES), which is easier to remove. The utility of these methods is illustrated in the synthesis of protected forms of (<i>R</i>)-β³-DOPA and l-DOPA from the same aziridine, the former by SmI₂-mediated reductive opening at C-2 and the latter by palladium-mediated reductive opening at C-3

DNA Barcoding for Efficient Species- and Pathovar-Level Identification of the Quarantine Plant Pathogen <i>Xanthomonas</i>

<div><p>Genus <i>Xanthomonas</i> comprises many economically important plant pathogens that affect a wide range of hosts. Indeed, fourteen <i>Xanthomonas</i> species/pathovars have been regarded as official quarantine bacteria for imports in China. To date, however, a rapid and accurate method capable of identifying all of the quarantine species/pathovars has yet to be developed. In this study, we therefore evaluated the capacity of DNA barcoding as a digital identification method for discriminating quarantine species/pathovars of <i>Xanthomonas</i>. For these analyses, 327 isolates, representing 45 <i>Xanthomonas</i> species/pathovars, as well as five additional species/pathovars from GenBank (50 species/pathovars total), were utilized to test the efficacy of four DNA barcode candidate genes (16S rRNA gene, <i>cpn60</i>, <i>gyrB</i>, and <i>avrBs2</i>). Of these candidate genes, <i>cpn60</i> displayed the highest rate of PCR amplification and sequencing success. The tree-building (Neighbor-joining), ‘best close match’, and barcode gap methods were subsequently employed to assess the species- and pathovar-level resolution of each gene. Notably, all isolates of each quarantine species/pathovars formed a monophyletic group in the neighbor-joining tree constructed using the <i>cpn60</i> sequences. Moreover, <i>cpn60</i> also demonstrated the most satisfactory results in both barcoding gap analysis and the ‘best close match’ test. Thus, compared with the other markers tested, <i>cpn60</i> proved to be a powerful DNA barcode, providing a reliable and effective means for the species- and pathovar-level identification of the quarantine plant pathogen <i>Xanthomonas</i>.</p></div

Identification success based on “best close match” method.

<p>Identification success based on “best close match” method.</p

Histograms of the frequencies (y-axes) of pairwise intra-species/pathovar (dark gray bars) and inter-species/pathovar (light gray bars) divergences based on the uncorrected K2P distance (x-axes) for each candidate gene.

<p>Histograms of the frequencies (y-axes) of pairwise intra-species/pathovar (dark gray bars) and inter-species/pathovar (light gray bars) divergences based on the uncorrected K2P distance (x-axes) for each candidate gene.</p

Neighbor-joining tree based on <i>gyrB</i>.

<p>Bootstrap values (>50%) are shown above the branches. Identical sequences are represented only once. Numbers following taxon names indicate the number of isolates. Red dots indicate quarantine <i>Xanthomonas</i> species/pathovars. Species/pathovars that were successfully identified are shown on the right.</p

Data_Sheet_1_Er-Miao-Fang Extracts Inhibits Adipose Lipolysis and Reduces Hepatic Gluconeogenesis via Suppression of Inflammation.ZIP

High-fat-diet (HFD) feeding induces adipose dysfunction. This study aims to explore whether the Traditional Chinese Medical prescription Er-Miao-Fang could ameliorate adipose dysfunction and prevent hepatic glucose output. Short-term HFD feeding induced adipose lipolysis accompanied with enhanced hepatic glucose output in mice. Adipose lipolysis is initiated by cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA) signaling. Oral administration Er-Miao-Fang inhibited inflammation in adipose tissue by dephosphorylation of JNK and reducing TNF-α and IL-1β production, and thus preserved phosphodiesterase 3B (PDE3B) induction, contributing to preventing cAMP accumulation. As a result, from suppression of PKA activation, Er-Miao-Fang reduced fatty acids and glycerol release from adipose tissue due to the inhibition hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL). By blocking the traffic of fatty acids and inflammatory mediators from adipose tissue to the liver, Er-Miao-Fang attenuated hepatic cAMP/PKA signaling by protecting phosphodiesterase 4B (PDE4B) induction from inflammatory insult, and thereby reduced hepatic glucose production by suppression of hepatic glucagon response in HFD-fed mice. In conclusion, Er-Miao-Fang prevented adipose lipolysis by suppression of inflammation, contributing to reducing excessive hepatic glucose output. These findings present a new view of regulating gluconeogenesis and provide the guiding significance for the regulation of multi-link targets with Traditional Chinese Medicine.</p

Neighbor-joining tree based on <i>avrBs2</i>.

Bootstrap values (>50%) are shown above the branches. Identical sequences are represented only once. Numbers following taxon names indicate the number of isolates. Red dots indicate quarantine Xanthomonas species/pathovars. Species/pathovars that were successfully identified are shown on the right.</p

sj-rar-1-jis-10.1177_01655515231171367 – Supplemental material for Language style and recognition of the answers in health Q&A community: Moderating effects of medical terminology

Supplemental material, sj-rar-1-jis-10.1177_01655515231171367 for Language style and recognition of the answers in health Q&A community: Moderating effects of medical terminology by Wenjun Zhao, Kai Meng, Li Sun, Jinhui Ma and Zeguang Jia in Journal of Information Science</p

Datasheet2_The predictive value of revised diastolic dysfunction in outcomes of liver transplantation: A propensity score matching analysis.pdf

BackgroundDiastolic dysfunction (DD), one of the earliest signs of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy (CCM), is included in the revised 2019 CCM criteria. Nonetheless, relevant research regarding the effects of revised DD on post-liver transplantation (LT) outcomes remains limited.MethodsThis retrospective study enrolled patients who underwent LT for decompensated cirrhosis, from January 2018 to March 2021. Patients were divided into DD and non-DD groups. Clinical data were collected. Patients were followed up with, for at least 1 year post-LT; cardiovascular adverse events (AEs) and survival status were recorded. Risk factors were identified using 1:2 propensity score matching (PSM), after adjusting for confounding factors. The caliper value was set to 0.02.ResultsOf 231 patients, 153 were diagnosed with DD (male, 81.8%; mean age, 51.5 ± 9.5 years). Nineteen patients with DD died within 1 year, post-LT. After PSM, 97 and 60 patients were diagnosed with and without DD, respectively. Patients with DD had longer intensive care unit (ICU) stays, higher perioperative cardiovascular AEs, and higher mortality rates than those without DD. In a multivariate analysis, interventricular septum (IVS), left atrial volume index (LAVI), and potassium levels were independent prognostic factors of perioperative cardiovascular AEs, while a decreased early diastolic mitral annular tissue velocity (e’), increased neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and tumor markers were predictors of mortality within 1 year post-LT after PSM (P ConclusionCardiac DD may contribute to perioperative cardiovascular AEs and mortality post-LT. Clinicians should be aware of decompensated cirrhosis in patients with DD.</p