Additional file 1 of MiR-196b-3p and miR-450b-3p are key regulators of adipogenesis in porcine intramuscular and subcutaneous adipocytes

Supplementary Material

Additional file 2 of MiR-196b-3p and miR-450b-3p are key regulators of adipogenesis in porcine intramuscular and subcutaneous adipocytes

Supplementary Material

Additional file 3 of MiR-196b-3p and miR-450b-3p are key regulators of adipogenesis in porcine intramuscular and subcutaneous adipocytes

Supplementary Material

Competitive Mechanism of Stereocomplexes and Homocrystals in High-Performance Symmetric and Asymmetric Poly(lactic acid) Enantiomers: Qualitative Methods

To systematically explore the critical contributions of both molecular weights and crystallization temperature and chain length and molar ratios to the formation of stereocomplexes (SCs), our group quantitatively prepared a wide MW range of symmetric and asymmetric poly­(lactic acid) (PLA) racemic blends, which contains L-MW PLLA with Mn > 6k g/mol. The crystallinity and relative fraction of SCs increase with Tc, and the SCs are exclusively formed at Tc > 180 °C in M/H-MW racemic blends. When MWs of one of the enantiomers are over 6k and less than 41k, multiple stereocomplexation is clear in the asymmetric racemic blends and more ordered SCs form with less entanglement or the amorphous region compared to those for the MW of the enantiomers over 41k in the symmetric/asymmetric enantiomers. When the MW of the blends is more than 41k, SCs and homocrystals (HCs) coexist in the symmetric enantiomers and the multicomplexation can restrict the asymmetric enantiomers. This study provides a deep comprehensive insight into the stereocomplex crystallization mechanism of polymers and provides a reference value for future research attempting to prepare stereocomplex materials

EllipsoNet: Deep-learning-enabled optical ellipsometry for complex thin films

Optical spectroscopy is indispensable for research and development in nanoscience and nanotechnology, microelectronics, energy, and advanced manufacturing. Advanced optical spectroscopy tools often require both specifically designed high-end instrumentation and intricate data analysis techniques. Beyond the common analytical tools, deep learning methods are well suited for interpreting high-dimensional and complicated spectroscopy data. They offer great opportunities to extract subtle and deep information about optical properties of materials with simpler optical setups, which would otherwise require sophisticated instrumentation. In this work, we propose a computational ellipsometry approach based on a conventional tabletop optical microscope and a deep learning model called EllipsoNet. Without any prior knowledge about the multilayer substrates, EllipsoNet can predict the complex refractive indices of thin films on top of these nontrivial substrates from experimentally measured optical reflectance spectra with high accuracies. This task was not feasible previously with traditional reflectometry or ellipsometry methods. Fundamental physical principles, such as the Kramers-Kronig relations, are spontaneously learned by the model without any further training. This approach enables in-operando optical characterization of functional materials within complex photonic structures or optoelectronic devices

Role of the Branched PEG‑<i>b</i>‑PLLA Block Chain in Stereocomplex Crystallization and Crystallization Kinetics for PDLA/MPEG‑<i>b</i>‑PLLA‑<i>g</i>‑glucose Blends with Different Architectures

The isothermal crystallization behavior and corresponding morphology evolution of poly(d-lactic acid) (PDLA) blends with PLLA6.7k or MPEG-b-PLLA6.7k-g-glucose with different architectures and different PLLA-grafted copolymer contents were investigated. The formation of stereocomplexes (SCs) in between the chain branched structure of MPEG-b-PLLA6.7k-g-glucose and PDLA chains acting as the physical crosslinking points slows down the motion of PDLA chains, but the SCs could act as a heterogeneous nucleating agent for the late formation of homocrystals (HCs) in the blend system, accelerating the crystallization kinetics of HCs through enhancing the nucleation density. For PDLA/MPEG-b-PLLA6.7k-g-glucose blends, the mobility of SCs in the blend system and the nucleation density of SCs in the blends exhibit oppositional behavior during the isothermal crystallization at a Tc of 130 °C. The evolution of the crystal growth and structure during the isothermal crystallization process by rheometry has revealed the interesting role of the branched chains of MPEG-b-PLLA6.7k-g-glucose in the mechanism of the crystallization in PDLA blends

Additional file 4 of Genome-wide identification of MAPK gene family members in Fagopyrum tataricum and their expression during development and stress responses

Additional file 4 : Table S3. Primers used for construct expression vector of FtMAPK1. For expression of recombinant plasmid in Tartary buckwheat using pCHF-YFP vector

Additional file 1 of Cloning and functional verification of a porcine adipose tissue-specific promoter

Additional file 1: Table S1. Primers for Q-PCR analysis

Additional file 2 of Cloning and functional verification of a porcine adipose tissue-specific promoter

Additional file 2: Table S2. Annotation information of 100 ESTs with expression levels 10-fold higher inadipose tissue than in non-adipose tissues

Image_1_α-Amylase Changed the Catalytic Behaviors of Amyloglucosidase Regarding Starch Digestion Both in the Absence and Presence of Tannic Acid.JPEG

The courses of starch digestion with individual α-amylase (AA), amyloglucosidase (AMG), and AA/AMG bi-enzyme system were performed and analyzed by first-order-reaction equations in the absence and presence of tannic acid (TA). An antagonistic effect between AA and AMG occurred at the digestion phase of readily-digestible starch due to the higher catalytic efficiency of AMG for starchy-substrates with more complex structures. This effect caused a faster rate of glucose production with AMG than with AA/AMG bi-enzyme system at this phase both in the absence and presence of TA. TA had a higher binding affinity to AA than to AMG as accessed by several methods, such as inhibition kinetics, fluorescence quenching, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), and molecular docking. Besides, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) indicated that the change in the thermal and structural stabilities of enzymes in the presence of TA was related to the enzyme residues involved in binding with TA, rather than the inhibitory effects of TA. The binding characters of TA to both enzymes resulted in more “free” AMG without TA binding in AA/AMG bi-enzyme system than that in individual AMG. This binding property caused more and faster rate of glucose production at the digestion phase of slowly digestible starch (SDS) in the bi-enzyme system.</p