Association of clinical signs in the FUO patients (n = 184) with the viruses detected.

<p>Association of clinical signs in the FUO patients (n = 184) with the viruses detected.</p

Distribution of HHVs among different age groups in this study.

<p>Distribution of HHVs among different age groups in this study.</p

Demographic and aetiological data.

<p>Demographic and aetiological data.</p

Primers(5′-3′) and Targets Used for the Detection of Human Herpes Viruses in the Study.

<p>Primers(5′-3′) and Targets Used for the Detection of Human Herpes Viruses in the Study.</p

Molecular Typing and Epidemiology Profiles of Human Adenovirus Infection among Paediatric Patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Infection in China

<div><p>Background</p><p>Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) have been recognised as pathogens that cause a broad spectrum of diseases. The studies on HAdV infection among children with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) are limited.</p><p>Objective</p><p>To investigate the prevalence, epidemiology, and genotype of HAdV among children with SARI in China.</p><p>Study Design</p><p>Nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs) or induced sputum (IS) was collected from hospitalised children with SARIs in Beijing (representing Northern China; n = 259) and Zhejiang Province (representing Eastern China; n = 293) from 2007 to 2010. The prevalence of HAdV was screened by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), followed by sequence typing of PCR fragments that targeted the second half of the hexon gene. In addition, co-infection with other human respiratory viruses, related epidemiological profiles and clinical presentations were investigated.</p><p>Results and Conclusions</p><p>In total, 76 (13.8%) of 552 SARI patients were positive for HAdV, and the infection rates of HAdV in Northern and Eastern China were 20.1% (n = 52) and 8.2% (n = 24), respectively. HAdV co-infection with other respiratory viruses was frequent (infection rates: Northern China, 90.4%; Eastern China, 70.8%). The peak seasons for HAdV-B infection was winter and spring. Additionally, members of multiple species (Human mastadenovirus B, C, D and E) were circulating among paediatric patients with SARI, of which HAdV-B (34/52; 65.4%) and HAdV-C (20/24, 83.3%) were the most predominant in Northern and Eastern China, respectively. These findings provide a benchmark for future epidemiology and prevention strategies for HAdV.</p></div

Total antibody-positivity rates after the 1^st and 2^nd HBSS1 priming.

<p>A, alum; C, CpG; P, poly(I:C).</p

Vaccination groups and administration strategy.

<p>A, alum; C, CpG; P, poly(I:C).</p

Seasonal distribution of HAdV infection.

<p>*, also contain one HAdV-D (HAdV-37) and one HAdV-E (HAdV-4)</p><p>**, indicated the statistically difference of the HAdV infection rate among four seasons</p><p>Seasonal distribution of HAdV infection.</p

Characterisation of recombinant adenovirus rAdSS1.

<p>(<b>A</b>) Schematic representation of recombinant adenovirus viral vectors encoding HBV S and PreS1 fusion genes. ITR, inverted terminal repeat. (B) Western blot detection of SS1 fusion protein expression in HEK293 cells infected with rAdSS1 using specific rabbit anti-PreS1 polyclonal antibodies. The bands of the expressed SS1 proteins are indicated by arrowheads.</p

Phylogenetic analysis of HAdV based on the partial hexon gene.

<p>The phylogenetic tree was constructed by the neighbour-joining method, and bootstrap values were determined by 1000 replications in MEGA5.0. (Prefix-N: samples from Northern China; Prefix-E: samples from Eastern China; ■, sequences of the reference strains of HAdV-A cut from genomes found in GenBank; ●, sequences of reference strains of HAdV-B; ▼, sequences of reference strains of HAdV-C; Δ, sequences of reference strains of HAdV-D; ○, sequence of reference strain of HAdV-E; ◆, sequences of reference strains of HAdV-F.</p