Effect of nitrogen sources on the degradation ability of YSJ.

Effect of nitrogen sources on the degradation ability of YSJ.</p

16S rRNA sequencing statistics for the YSJ samples.

16S rRNA sequencing statistics for the YSJ samples.</p

YSJ microbial community stability and diversity.

(A) Length distribution of high-quality sequences. (B) Venn diagram of common and unique operational taxonomic units (OTUs) for the YSJ10, YSJ20, and YSJ30 samples. (C) Dilution curves of YSJ detoxification agent samples at the OTU level. (D) Shannon–Wiener index for each sample. The indices were calculated at 97% OTU similarity based on the pyrosequencing data for microbiota in the YSJ samples.</p

Optimization of YSJ culture conditions.

(A) The effect of culture duration on degradation ability of YSJ. (B) The effect of culture temperature on the degradation ability of YSJ (p ≤ 0.05). (C) Effect of carbon source addition on YSJ degradation ability (p ≤ 0.05). (D) Effect of nitrogen source addition on YSJ degradation ability (p ≤ 0.05). (E) Effect of sodium chloride addition on the degradation ability of YSJ. (F) Effect of calcium carbonate addition on YSJ degradation ability (p ≤ 0.05).</p

Fig 4 -

Three-dimensional response surface plots showing the effects of the interaction of culture temperature (A), calcium carbonate addition (B), and nitrogen source addition (C) on degradation rate of Yanshan ginger by YSJ.</p

Alpha diversity index statistics for the YSJ samples.

Alpha diversity index statistics for the YSJ samples.</p

Pd/Cu-Catalyzed Synthesis of Internal and Sila-Ynones by Direct Selective Acyl Sonogashira Cross-Coupling of Carboxylic Acids with Terminal Alkynes

The direct acyl Sonogashira cross-coupling of carboxylic acids with terminal alkynes has been achieved through Pd/Cu cooperative catalysis. In this reaction, the readily available carboxylic acids act as the acyl source for the coupling with various terminal alkynes to produce highly valuable ynones in good to high yields. The reaction features high chemoselectivity and functional group tolerance. The reaction offers access to versatile silyl-ynones. The late-stage modification of bioactive molecules and gram-scale experiments highlight the synthetic value of this reaction in organic synthesis. The method enables preparation of ynones directly from carboxylic acids in the absence of C(acyl)–C(sp) decarbonylation

Taxonomic comparison of YSJ samples at the genus level.

(A) Relative abundance of the 23 most abundant bacterial genera detected in the YSJ samples. (B) Heatmap of the distribution of the relative abundance of the genera present in the YSJ samples. Columns list genera with relative abundances greater than 1% and are clustered according to phylogenetic relationships. Significance: NS p > 0.05, * p ≤ 0.05, ** p ≤ 0.01. (C) Network of the co-occurring 90% cutoff operational taxonomic units based on correlation analysis. A connection represents a strong and significant (p-value < 0.01) correlation. The size of each node is proportional to the number of connections.</p

Effects of YSJ inoculation on composting of Yanshan ginger.

(A) Changes in temperature during composting. (B) Changes in pH during composting. (C) Changes in moisture content during composting.</p

Photonic Lignin with Tunable and Stimuli-Responsive Structural Color

Due to the growing sustainability and health requirements, structural color materials fabricated with functional natural polymers have attracted increasing attention in advanced optical and biomedical fields. Lignin has many attractive features such as great biocompatibility, ultraviolet resistance, antioxidant property, and thermostability, making it a promising natural resource to be fabricated as functional structural color materials. However, to date, the utilization of lignin as the building block for structural color materials is still a challenge due to its disordered structure. Herein, we present a strategy to transform disordered lignin into ordered “photonic lignin”, in which monodisperse lignin colloidal spheres are prepared via solvent/antisolvent self-assembly, and then the periodic structure is constructed by centrifugal effect. The photonic lignin exhibits structural colors that are tunable by modulating the diameter of lignin colloidal spheres. We further demonstrate the application of photonic lignin as a natural polymer-based coating that shows bright, angle-independent, and stimuli-responsive structural colors. Moreover, the cytotoxicity assay indicates the excellent biocompatibility of photonic lignin with human skin, blood vessels, digestive systems, and other tissues, which demonstrates the great potential of photonic lignin in the applications such as implanted/wearable optical devices, advanced cosmetics, and smart food packaging