Implikasi Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 11-017/puu-i/2003 terhadap Perlindungan Hukum Hak Dipilih

Paper that had the title: "Juridical implications of the Constitutional Court Decision Number 011-017/PUU-I/2003 on the Legal Protection for the Rights to be Eelected." This explores two issues: 1) how the legal protection of the settings selected in the state system of Indonesia ; 2) what are juridical implications of the Constitutional Court Decision Number 011-017/PUU-I/2003 on the legal protection for the rights to be elected. To solve both problems, this paper uses normative legal research methods. Approach being used is the statute approach, case approach, and a conceptual approach. Further legal materials collected were identified and analyzed using descriptive analysis techniques. Legal protection for the right to be elected in the state system of Indonesia can be traced from the 1945 opening, the articles in the body of the 1945 Constitution, Article 27 paragraph (1), Article 28D (1) and paragraph (3) and Article 28 paragraph (3) 1945 Second Amendment, MPR Decree Number XVII/MPR/1998, Article 43 of Law Number 39 of 1999, Article 21 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and Article 25 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. Discussion of the juridical implications of the Constitutional Court Decision Number 011-017/PUU-I/2003 on the legal protection for the rights to be elected have been included: a) only on the juridical implications of representative institutions no longer marked with specified requirements as stipulated in Article 60 letter g of Law Number 12 Year 2003 in Law Number 10 Year 2008; b) juridical implications of the political field for the right to be elected is the absence of any discriminatory treatment in legislative product formed by the House of Representatives and the President as well as products of other legislation forward

Reactions of the Triosmium−Antimony Cluster Os₃(μ-SbPh₂)(μ-H)(μ₃,η²-C₆H₄)(CO)₉ with Alkynes: C−C Bond Coupling to a Cluster-Bound Phenylene and Catalytic Alkyne Cyclotrimerization

The reaction of the osmium−antimony cluster Os3(μ-SbPh2)(μ-H)(μ3,η2-C6H4)(CO)9, 1, with the terminal alkynes PhC⋮CH and tBuC⋮CH led to products involving C−C bond coupling with the phenylene ligand on the cluster, viz., Os3(μ-SbPh2)(μ,η2-HCC(H)Ph)(μ-η4-C6H4C(H)CPh)(CO)7, 2, and Os5(μ4-Sb)(μ-SbPh2)(μ-H)(μ3,η3-C6H4)(μ,η2-PhCC(H)But)(CO)14, 4. Cluster 1 was also found to be an effective catalyst for the cyclotrimerization of diphenylacetylene to hexaphenylbenzene

Reaction of Pyrones with Triosmium Clusters

Reaction of Os3(CO)10(NCCH3)2, 2, with coumarin, chromone, α-pyrone, γ-pyrone, or 2-methyl-3-hydroxy-γ-pyrone afforded the products Os3(CO)10(μ-H)(μ-L), 3, in which the pyrone is anchored onto the triosmium framework via the exocyclic oxygen and orthometalation; the major product for the last pyrone is Os3(CO)9(μ-H)(μ-γ-C6H5O3), 5, coordinated via the hydroxyl group rather than an orthometalation. The cluster Os3(CO)10(μ-H)(μ-OH), 7, formed H-bonded adducts, 8, with unsubstituted pyrones; the OH functioned as the H-donor

Reaction of Pyrones with Triosmium Clusters

Reaction of Os3(CO)10(NCCH3)2, 2, with coumarin, chromone, α-pyrone, γ-pyrone, or 2-methyl-3-hydroxy-γ-pyrone afforded the products Os3(CO)10(μ-H)(μ-L), 3, in which the pyrone is anchored onto the triosmium framework via the exocyclic oxygen and orthometalation; the major product for the last pyrone is Os3(CO)9(μ-H)(μ-γ-C6H5O3), 5, coordinated via the hydroxyl group rather than an orthometalation. The cluster Os3(CO)10(μ-H)(μ-OH), 7, formed H-bonded adducts, 8, with unsubstituted pyrones; the OH functioned as the H-donor

Metal−Metal Bond Opening Toward Main Group−Transition Element Rings

The reaction of the cluster Os6(μ4-Sb)(μ-H)2(μ-SbPh2)(μ3,η2-C6H4)(μ3,η4-C12H8)(CO)15, 1, with excess tBuNC resulted in ring expansion via metal−metal bond cleavage to afford the novel compounds Os6(μ4-Sb)(μ-H)(μ-SbPh2)(C6H5)(μ3,η4-C12H8)(CO)14(CNtBu)4, 2, and Os6(μ4-Sb)(μ-H)(μ-SbPh2)(C6H5)(μ3,η4-C12H8)(CO)15(CNtBu)3, 3, both of which contain five-membered Os3Sb2 rings

Mechanism and Activation Parameters for the κ<i>O</i> to μ<i>,</i>κ²<i>O</i>,<i>O′</i> Bonding Mode of the Maleic Acid Ligand on an Osmium Carbonyl Cluster

The reaction of maleic acid and [Os3(CO)10(NCCH3)2] afforded initially the cluster [Os3(μ-H)(CO)10(O2CCHCHCO2H)(CH3CN)], in which the maleic acid was κO bonded. This slowly converted to [Os3(μ-H)(CO)10(μ-O2CCHCHCO2H)], in which the ligand adopted the more usual μ,κ2O,O′ bonding mode. The conversion was followed by monitoring the metal hydride resonance in the 1H NMR spectrum, and analysis of the data yielded ΔH‡ = 110 ± 3 kJ mol–1 and ΔS‡ = 14 ± 10 J mol–1 K–1 for this process, thus suggesting an ID mechanism. The calculated values are in good agreement with the experimental values

Reactions of the Triosmium−Antimony Cluster Os₃(μ-SbPh₂)(μ-H)(μ₃,η²-C₆H₄)(CO)₉ with Alkynes: C−C Bond Coupling to a Cluster-Bound Phenylene and Catalytic Alkyne Cyclotrimerization

The reaction of the osmium−antimony cluster Os3(μ-SbPh2)(μ-H)(μ3,η2-C6H4)(CO)9, 1, with the terminal alkynes PhC⋮CH and tBuC⋮CH led to products involving C−C bond coupling with the phenylene ligand on the cluster, viz., Os3(μ-SbPh2)(μ,η2-HCC(H)Ph)(μ-η4-C6H4C(H)CPh)(CO)7, 2, and Os5(μ4-Sb)(μ-SbPh2)(μ-H)(μ3,η3-C6H4)(μ,η2-PhCC(H)But)(CO)14, 4. Cluster 1 was also found to be an effective catalyst for the cyclotrimerization of diphenylacetylene to hexaphenylbenzene

Formation of [Os₃(CO)₁₀(EPh₃)₂(μ-Br)]⁺ (E = P, As) by Bromination: First Direct Evidence for the Bromonium Mechanism in Cluster Chemistry

Bromination of the substituted triosmium clusters Os3(CO)10(EPh3)2 (E = P, As) yielded the cluster cations [Os3(CO)10(EPh3)2(μ-Br)]+, which crystallized as the [Os(CO)3Br3]- salts. The osmate anions were the result of nucleophilic attack of Br- on the cluster cations

Osmium−Antimony Higher Nuclearity Clusters

Thermolysis of Os3(CO)11(SbPh3), 1, in refluxing octane gave initially the clusters Os3(μ-SbPh2)(μ-H)(μ3,η2-C6H4)(CO)9, 2, and Os6(μ3-SbPh)(μ3,η2-C6H4)(CO)20, 3. Prolonged heating gave the cluster Os6(μ4-Sb)(μ-H)(μ3,η4-C12H8)(μ3,η2-C6H4)(CO)16, 4, as the major product. In contrast, thermolysis in hexane at 115 °C in a Carius tube gave Os6(μ4-Sb)(μ-SbPh2)(μ-H)2(μ3,η4-C12H8)(μ3,η2-C6H4)(CO)15, 5, Os6(μ4-Sb)(μ-SbPh2)(μ-H)(μ3,η2-C6H4)2(C6H5)(CO)16, 6, and Os6(μ4-Sb)(μ-SbPh2)(μ-H)(μ3,η6-C6H4)(μ3,η2-C6H4)(C6H5)(CO)15, 7, besides 2 and 3. It has been demonstrated that cluster 6 was formed from 2, while clusters 5 and 7 were formed from the further decomposition of 6. The reaction of 5 with SbPh3 afforded a monosubstituted derivative, Os6(μ4-Sb)(μ-H)2(μ-SbPh2)(μ3,η2-C6H4)(μ3,η4-C12H8)(CO)14(SbPh3), 8. The clusters 2−8 were all shown by single-crystal X-ray crystallographic studies to have a benzyne moiety acting as a four-electron donor to a triosmium fragment. In addition, 4 and 8 contain a novel μ3,η4-biphenylene moiety bound to a triosmium framework, while 7 was found to have a μ3,η1:η1:η6-C6H4 ring

Osmium−Antimony Higher Nuclearity Clusters

Thermolysis of Os3(CO)11(SbPh3), 1, in refluxing octane gave initially the clusters Os3(μ-SbPh2)(μ-H)(μ3,η2-C6H4)(CO)9, 2, and Os6(μ3-SbPh)(μ3,η2-C6H4)(CO)20, 3. Prolonged heating gave the cluster Os6(μ4-Sb)(μ-H)(μ3,η4-C12H8)(μ3,η2-C6H4)(CO)16, 4, as the major product. In contrast, thermolysis in hexane at 115 °C in a Carius tube gave Os6(μ4-Sb)(μ-SbPh2)(μ-H)2(μ3,η4-C12H8)(μ3,η2-C6H4)(CO)15, 5, Os6(μ4-Sb)(μ-SbPh2)(μ-H)(μ3,η2-C6H4)2(C6H5)(CO)16, 6, and Os6(μ4-Sb)(μ-SbPh2)(μ-H)(μ3,η6-C6H4)(μ3,η2-C6H4)(C6H5)(CO)15, 7, besides 2 and 3. It has been demonstrated that cluster 6 was formed from 2, while clusters 5 and 7 were formed from the further decomposition of 6. The reaction of 5 with SbPh3 afforded a monosubstituted derivative, Os6(μ4-Sb)(μ-H)2(μ-SbPh2)(μ3,η2-C6H4)(μ3,η4-C12H8)(CO)14(SbPh3), 8. The clusters 2−8 were all shown by single-crystal X-ray crystallographic studies to have a benzyne moiety acting as a four-electron donor to a triosmium fragment. In addition, 4 and 8 contain a novel μ3,η4-biphenylene moiety bound to a triosmium framework, while 7 was found to have a μ3,η1:η1:η6-C6H4 ring