Synthesis of Two-Dimensional Zeolite Nanosheets Applied to the Catalytic Cracking of a Waste Cooking Oil Model Compound to Produce Light Olefins

Hierarchical zeolites can provide multidimensional spatial networks and, therefore, have significant potential as catalysts for the cracking of biomass to generate light olefins. The present work synthesized the diquaternary ammonium-type surfactant [C18H37–N+(CH3)2–(CH2)6–N+(CH3)2–C6H13]Br2, incorporating hydrophobic 18-carbon alkyl groups for usage as a structure-directing agent. This compound was subsequently used to prepare nanosheets of a hierarchical ZSM-5 two-dimensional zeolite (HNZSM-5) through a one-pot hydrothermal method. The crystal phase, morphology, and hierarchical structure of the HNZSM-5 were analyzed using various techniques, including X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and N2 adsorption/desorption. When applied to the catalytic cracking of a waste cooking oil model compound, the HNZSM-5 exhibited superior activity and stability compared with a conventional ZSM-5. This performance was attributed to the more accessible acid sites and unique lamellar structure of the former material. The HNZSM-5 also outlasted the conventional zeolite, showing deactivation after 45 h of reaction compared with 20 h, indicating exceptional stability and excellent resistance to coking

Table1_Effect of environmental tax reform on corporate green technology innovation.XLSX

China has recently taken several measures to counter the environmental pollution caused by the crude model of past economic development. Among them, taxation has proved especially efficient. We take the Environmental Protection Tax Law, implemented on 1 January 2018, as a quasi-natural experiment to study the effect of environmental protection tax reform on corporate green technology innovation. We analyze data on Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed companies for 2013–2020. We find that raising the tax levy significantly promotes green innovation among enterprises. The promotion effect is more significant in state-owned enterprises, heavily polluting enterprises, and the eastern region. The findings of the full sample and subsample still hold after replacing the explanatory variables for stability testing. The effects vary significantly based on property rights, geography, and level of industry pollution. Nevertheless, environmental tax reform is an effective initiative toward environmental protection, even if the complexity of China’s economic environment reveals some variation in the effects of this policy reform. We make suggestions to address these differences for future studies.</p

Data_Sheet_1_Facilitation of Crossmodal Integration During Emotional Prediction in Methamphetamine Dependents.pdf

Methamphetamine (meth) can greatly damage the prefrontal cortex of the brain and trigger dysfunction of the cognitive control loop, which triggers not only drug dependence but also emotional disorders. The imbalance between the cognitive and emotional systems will lead to crossmodal emotional deficits. Until now, the negative impact of meth dependence on crossmodal emotional processing has not received attention. Therefore, the present study firstly examined the differences in crossmodal emotional processing between healthy controls and meth dependents (MADs) and then investigated the role of visual- or auditory-leading cues in the promotion of crossmodal emotional processing. Experiment 1 found that MADs made a visual–auditory integration disorder for fearful emotion, which may be related to the defects in information transmission between the auditory and auditory cortex. Experiment 2 found that MADs had a crossmodal disorder pertaining to fear under visual-leading cues, but the fearful sound improved the detection of facial emotions for MADs. Experiment 3 reconfirmed that, for MADs, A-leading cues could induce crossmodal integration immediately more easily than V-leading ones. These findings provided sufficient quantitative indicators and evidences that meth dependence was associated with crossmodal integration disorders, which in turn was associated with auditory-leading cues that enhanced the recognition ability of MADs for complex emotions (all results are available at: https://osf.io/x6rv5/). These results provided a better understanding for individuals using drugs in order to enhance the cognition for the complex crossmodal emotional integration.</p

Accuracy (mean ± SD) and reaction time (mean ± SD) at different experimental conditions.

Accuracy (mean ± SD) and reaction time (mean ± SD) at different experimental conditions.</p

The schematic diagram of the experimental set-up.

<p>The schematic diagram of the experimental set-up.</p

Grand-average time-frequency representations and scalp topographies in different experimental conditions.

<p>Top panel: Grand-average time-frequency representations are shown for each experimental condition. Three time-frequency region-of-interests (ROIs) were defined as follows: ROI1, delta-theta band oscillations [50–200 ms, 1–8 Hz, (P7 + PO3 + PO7 + P8 + PO4 + PO8)/6]; ROI2, alpha-band oscillations [300–800 ms, 8–13 Hz, (P1 + P3 + P2 + P4)/4]; ROI3, beta-band oscillations [200–700 ms, 17–21 Hz, (P3 + P5 + PO3 + P4 + P6 + PO4)/6]. Bottom panel: Scalp topographies of time-frequency oscillations in three ROIs for each experimental condition.</p

ROI magnitude in different experimental conditions.

ROI1 magnitude was significantly larger in the right hemisphere than in the left hemisphere. ROI2 magnitude was significantly larger for Identifiable characters than Unidentifiable characters. ROI3 magnitude was significantly smaller for Identifiable-Upright characters than Identifiable-Inverted characters, and significantly larger for Unidentifiable-Upright characters than Unidentifiable-Inverted characters. Y axis, magnitude (μV, mean ± SE).</p

Soluble contents of <i>Carex schmidtii</i> in different treatments (one control: 0 cm water level, and three submerged conditions: 5 cm, 15 cm. and 25 cm water level).

<p>Different letters indicate significant differences among treatments (<i>P</i> < 0.05).</p

Grand average ERP waveforms elicited by masked fearful faces and masked neutral faces in the face task and letter task across low or high perceptual load at lateral occipito-temporal electrodes.

<p>Grand average ERP waveforms elicited by masked fearful faces and masked neutral faces in the face task and letter task across low or high perceptual load at lateral occipito-temporal electrodes.</p

Growth and Physiological Responses to Water Depths in <i>Carex schmidtii</i> Meinsh

<div><p>A greenhouse experiment was performed to investigate growth and physiological responses to water depth in completely submerged condition of a wetland plant <i>Carex schmidtii</i> Meinsh., one of the dominant species in the Longwan Crater Lake wetlands (China). Growth and physiological responses of <i>C</i>. <i>schmidtii</i> were investigated by growing under control (non-submerged) and three submerged conditions (5 cm, 15 cm and 25 cm water level). Total biomass was highest in control, intermediate in 5 cm treatment and lowest in the other two submerged treatments. Water depth prominently affected the first-order lateral root to main root mass ratio. Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity decreased but malondialdehyde (MDA) content increased as water depth increased. The starch contents showed no differences among the various treatments at the end of the experiment. However, soluble sugar contents were highest in control, intermediate in 5 cm and 15 cm treatments and lowest in 25 cm treatment. Our data suggest that submergence depth affected some aspects of growth and physiology of <i>C</i>. <i>schmidtii</i>, which can reduce anoxia damage not only through maintaining the non-elongation strategy in shoot part but also by adjusting biomass allocation to different root orders rather than adjusting root-shoot biomass allocation.</p></div