A simple approach to modeling ductile failure.

Sandia National Laboratories has the need to predict the behavior of structures after the occurrence of an initial failure. In some cases determining the extent of failure, beyond initiation, is required, while in a few cases the initial failure is a design feature used to tailor the subsequent load paths. In either case, the ability to numerically simulate the initiation and propagation of failures is a highly desired capability. This document describes one approach to the simulation of failure initiation and propagation

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Schmitz. Cover. Picture. 0. Sun Dodger. LADY-, HERE I AM. Prose. 1. Anonymous. Untitled. Picture. 5. Anonymous. Prose. 7. Anonymous. This Thing Evolution. Prose. 7.; I.E.A. SPRING BREATH. Poem. 8. I.E.A. Night. Poem. 8. C.K. THE BUBBLE. Poem. 8. Anonymous. Night. Poem. 8. I.E.A. Effects. Poem. 8. G.W. THE DIFFERENCE. Poem. 8. Gila Monster. Mad May. Prose. 9. Kated, Ed U. Romeo, Beware! Poem. 10. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 10. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 10. Anonymous. Picture. 10. Anonymous. PRIMORDIAL. Prose. 10. Anonymous. SOMETIMES. Poem. 10. Anonymous, IT\u27S A LOT TO ME, But nothing to thee. Poem. 10. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 10. Valspar, U.S. People Who Want to Look Young and Beautiful. Prose. 11. Del. \u27To snare some other bird.\u27 Picture. 11. Anonymous. Picture. 12. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 12. G.W. Untitled. Prose. 12. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 12. Wellman, G. 7:00 A. M. Poem. 13. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 13. Anonymous. Portraits of Local Celebrities Number Three. Picture. 13. E.T. TO CHLOE CAMPUSSED. Poem. 13. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 13. Anonymous. Untitled. Poem. 13. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 13. Anonymous. Untitled. Poem. 13. Anonymous. ADAM\u27S RIB. Poem. 13. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 13. Anonymous. THIS\u27LL RUSSIA. Prose. 13. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 13. Howard. THE BELLS. Poem. 14. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 14. Anonymous. Untitled. Poem. 14. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 14. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 14. H.K. Picture. 14. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 14. Anonymous. Untitled. Poem. 14. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 14. Anonymous. Untitled. Poem. 14. Anonymous. Untitled. Picture. 15. Anonymous. 1923—TRACK—1923. Prose. 15. Anonymous. Untitled. Picture. 15. Anonymous. Untitled. Picture. 15. Anonymous. In. Prose. 16. Anonymous. SPIKED SHOES. Prose. 17. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 18. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 18. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 18. E.B. Spring Must Be Here. Picture. 19. E.T. AH! BITTER GRIEF. Poem. 20. Anonymous. THE HAIR-BRAINED BOY. Poem. 20. Davis, Dick. Picture. 20. Anonymous. Untitled. Poem. 20. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 20. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 20. Anonymous. 1923—BASEBALL—1923. Prose. 21. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 21. Anonymous. Picture. 22. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 22. C.K. and K.H. A Reign Check. Picture. 22. Medley. Untitled. Prose. 25. Wisconsin Octopus. Untitled. Prose. 25. Sun Dodger. HERE, KITTY. Prose. 25. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 25. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 25. Life. Untitled. Prose. 25. Goblin. Untitled. Prose. 26. Boll Weevil. Quick Work. Prose. 26. Lord Jeff. Untitled. Prose. 26. Chicago News. Untitled. Prose. 26. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 26. Tar Baby. Untitled. Prose. 26. Texas Scalper. Untitled. Prose. 26. Goblin. Untitled. Prose. 26. Gargoyle. Untitled. Prose. 26. Panther. Untitled. Prose. 26. Clyde. Picture. 28. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 28. Froth. Untitled. Prose. 28. Sun Dodger. Untitled. Prose. 28. Princeton Tiger. Untitled. Prose. 28. Boston Transcript. WHAT\u27D SHE CARE? Prose. 28. Birmingham Age-Herald. The First Lesson. Prose. 28. Princeton Tiger. Untitled. Prose. 29. Black and Blue Jay. Untitled. Prose. 29. Juggler. Untitled. Prose. 29. Sour Owl. THERE\u27S A REASON! Prose. 31. Mink. Untitled. Prose. 31. Bison. Untitled. Prose. 31. Lampoon. Untitled. Prose. 31. Punch Bowl. Untitled. Prose. 31. Showme. Untitled. Prose. 31. Juggler. Untitled. Prose. 31. Mink. Untitled. Prose. 31. Dirge. Untitled. Prose. 31. Couger\u27s Paw. Untitled. Prose. 31. Black and Blue Jay. Untitled. Prose. 31. Bison. Untitled. Prose. 32. Bison. Caution. Prose. 32. Lampoon. Untitled. Poem. 32. Sour Owl. Untitled. Prose. 32. Boston U. Beanpot. Fore. Poem. 32. Tiger. Untitled. Prose. 32. Purple Parrot. ABOUT THIS TIME OF YEAR. Prose. 32

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Schmitz. Cover. Picture. 0. Anonymous. Untitled. Picture. 5. Schmitz. CLARK WELLS CHAMBERLAlN. Picture. 6. E.B. LOVE ALL. Prose. 7. Anonymous. Untitled. Picture. 7. Wellman, G.S. THE VISION. Poem. 9. Anonymous. SPRING SONG. Poem. 9. E.T. CARL SANDBURG\u27S DISCIPLE TAKES A TOUR. Poem. 9. Anonymous. HOT DOGGEREL. Poem. 10. E.S. Yes, We Have No Dates. Picture. 10. B. Picture. 10.; Anonymous. THIS IS THE LAST TIME WE\u27LL PRINT THIS. Prose. 10. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 10. Anonymous. Untitled. Poem. 10. B. Picture. 11. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 11. Anonymous. Untitled. Poem. 11. Anonymous. HELLO! Prose. 11. Anonymous. Diagram, Working model, and Explanatory Folder May be Had Upon Application at Our Office. Prose. 11. Anonymous. A LAUDER LYRIC. Poem. 11. Del. Picture. 11. Anonymous. Saranac Lake? Prose. 11. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 11. Anonymous. Untitled. Poem. 11. Anonymous. But the Devil is Still Old Harry . Prose. 11. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 11. Anonymous. \u2727, B\u27Gosh! Prose. 12. Anonymous. The Dog-gone Bell Again! Prose. 13. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 13. Anonymous. Picture. 14. W.G. NO STORY. Prose. 14. Anonymous. Picture. 15. Anonymous. Untitled. Poem. 15. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 15. Anonymous. Picture. 15. Anonymous. Untitled. Poem. 15. Anonymous. WANT AD IN THE VOL-STEADVILLE VIOLET. Prose. 15. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 15. Bridge. Denison Comics. Picture. 16. Anonymous. Picture. 20. Anonymous. HEADACHE CURE. Prose. 20. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 20. Anonymous. Untitled. Poem. 20. Anonymous. SOCIETY FOR SPEEDY SUPPRESSION OF SWITCHES. Prose. 20. Anonymous. Tobacco Ensemble. Prose. 20. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 20. Anonymous. Untitled. Poem. 20. Anonymous. Proper Care of the Children. Prose. 21. Anonymous. Untitled. Poem. 21. J.B. Picture. 21. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 21. Anonymous. Untitled. Poem. 21. Anonymous. MAH OLE KAINTUCKY STILL. Poem. 21. Anonymous. LULLABY. Poem. 21. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 21. Anonymous. Untitled. Poem. 21. C.K. Picture. 21. H.K. Picture. 22. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 22. Anonymous. The little Freshman across the hall says. Prose. 22. Anonymous. Untitled. Poem. 22. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 22. Uber. Can she keep a secret? Yes, the mean thing! Picture. 22. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 23. Pelican. Untitled. Prose. 25. Tuf Tonic. Untitled. Prose. 25. Smart Set. Untitled. Prose. 25. Beanpot. Untitled. Prose. 25. Tiger. Untitled. Prose. 25. Goblin. Untitled. Prose. 25. Judge. Untitled. Prose. 25. Octopus. Untitled. Prose. 26. Yale Record. Untitled. Prose. 26. Juggler. Untitled. Prose. 26. Froth. Untitled. Prose. 26. Speicher, J. Untitled. Picture. 27. Tiger. Untitled. Prose. 27. Burr. But Was Not Lost. Prose. 28. Chapparral. Untitled. Prose. 28. Frivol. Add a Couple D\u27s . Prose. 28. Beanpot. Infant Food. Prose. 28. Anonymous. Untitled. Picture. 28. Punch Bowl. Untitled. Prose. 28. Awgwan. Untitled. Prose. 31. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 31. Yellow Jacket. Untitled. Prose. 31. The Engineer. Untitled. Prose. 31. C.K. Untitled. Picture. 31. La Crosse Tribune. NEXT TIME, HE TOOK MOTHER. Prose. 31

Peer review of the National Transportation Safety Board structural analysis of the I-35W bridge collapse.

The Engineering Sciences Center at Sandia National Laboratories provided an independent peer review of the structural analysis supporting the National Transportation Safety Board investigation of the August 1, 2007 collapse of the I-35W Bridge in Minneapolis. The purpose of the review was to provide an impartial critique of the analysis approach, assumptions, solution techniques, and conclusions. Subsequent to reviewing numerous supporting documents, a SNL team of staff and management visited NTSB to participate in analysis briefings, discussions with investigators, and examination of critical elements of the bridge wreckage. This report summarizes the opinion of the review team that the NTSB analysis effort was appropriate and provides compelling supporting evidence for the NTSB probable cause conclusion

Mechanical Response and Decomposition of Thermally Degraded Energetic Materials: Experiments and Model Simulations

We report progress of a continuing effort to characterize and simulate the response of energetic materials (EMs), primarily HMX-based, under conditions leading to cookoff. Our experiments include mechanical-effects testing of HMX and FIMX with binder at temperatures nearing decomposition thresholds. Additional experiments have focused on decomposition of these EMs under confinement, measuring evolution of gas products and observing the effect of pressurization on the solid. Real-time measurements on HMX show abrupt changes that maybe due to sudden void collapse under increasing load. Postmortem examination shows significant internal damage to the pellets, including voids and cracks. These experiments have been used to help develop a constitutive model for pure HMX. Unconfined uniaxial compression tests were performed on HMX and LX-14 to examine the effect of binders on the deviatoric strength of EM pellets, and to assess the need of including deviatoric terms in the model. A scale-up experiment will be described that is being developed to validate the model and provide additional diagnostics

Making the Connection Between Microstructure and Mechanics

The purpose of microstructural control is to optimize materials properties. To that end, they have developed sophisticated and successful computational models of both microstructural evolution and mechanical response. However, coupling these models to quantitatively predict the properties of a given microstructure poses a challenge. This problem arises because most continuum response models, such as finite element, finite volume, or material point methods, do not incorporate a real length scale. Thus, two self-similar polycrystals have identical mechanical properties regardless of grain size, in conflict with theory and observations. In this project, they took a tiered risk approach to incorporate microstructure and its resultant length scales in mechanical response simulations. Techniques considered include low-risk, low-benefit methods, as well as higher-payoff, higher-risk methods. Methods studied include a constitutive response model with a local length-scale parameter, a power-law hardening rate gradient near grain boundaries, a local Voce hardening law, and strain-gradient polycrystal plasticity. These techniques were validated on a variety of systems for which theoretical analyses and/or experimental data exist. The results may be used to generate improved constitutive models that explicitly depend upon microstructure and to provide insight into microstructural deformation and failure processes. Furthermore, because mechanical state drives microstructural evolution, a strain-enhanced grain growth model was coupled with the mechanical response simulations. The coupled model predicts both properties as a function of microstructure and microstructural development as a function of processing conditions

Guidance on risk analysis and safety implications of a large liquefied natural gas (LNG) spill over water.

While recognized standards exist for the systematic safety analysis of potential spills or releases from LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) storage terminals and facilities on land, no equivalent set of standards or guidance exists for the evaluation of the safety or consequences from LNG spills over water. Heightened security awareness and energy surety issues have increased industry's and the public's attention to these activities. The report reviews several existing studies of LNG spills with respect to their assumptions, inputs, models, and experimental data. Based on this review and further analysis, the report provides guidance on the appropriateness of models, assumptions, and risk management to address public safety and property relative to a potential LNG spill over water

Adding 6 months of androgen deprivation therapy to postoperative radiotherapy for prostate cancer: a comparison of short-course versus no androgen deprivation therapy in the RADICALS-HD randomised controlled trial

Background Previous evidence indicates that adjuvant, short-course androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) improves metastasis-free survival when given with primary radiotherapy for intermediate-risk and high-risk localised prostate cancer. However, the value of ADT with postoperative radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy is unclear. Methods RADICALS-HD was an international randomised controlled trial to test the efficacy of ADT used in combination with postoperative radiotherapy for prostate cancer. Key eligibility criteria were indication for radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer, prostate-specific antigen less than 5 ng/mL, absence of metastatic disease, and written consent. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to radiotherapy alone (no ADT) or radiotherapy with 6 months of ADT (short-course ADT), using monthly subcutaneous gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue injections, daily oral bicalutamide monotherapy 150 mg, or monthly subcutaneous degarelix. Randomisation was done centrally through minimisation with a random element, stratified by Gleason score, positive margins, radiotherapy timing, planned radiotherapy schedule, and planned type of ADT, in a computerised system. The allocated treatment was not masked. The primary outcome measure was metastasis-free survival, defined as distant metastasis arising from prostate cancer or death from any cause. Standard survival analysis methods were used, accounting for randomisation stratification factors. The trial had 80% power with two-sided α of 5% to detect an absolute increase in 10-year metastasis-free survival from 80% to 86% (hazard ratio [HR] 0·67). Analyses followed the intention-to-treat principle. The trial is registered with the ISRCTN registry, ISRCTN40814031, and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00541047. Findings Between Nov 22, 2007, and June 29, 2015, 1480 patients (median age 66 years [IQR 61–69]) were randomly assigned to receive no ADT (n=737) or short-course ADT (n=743) in addition to postoperative radiotherapy at 121 centres in Canada, Denmark, Ireland, and the UK. With a median follow-up of 9·0 years (IQR 7·1–10·1), metastasis-free survival events were reported for 268 participants (142 in the no ADT group and 126 in the short-course ADT group; HR 0·886 [95% CI 0·688–1·140], p=0·35). 10-year metastasis-free survival was 79·2% (95% CI 75·4–82·5) in the no ADT group and 80·4% (76·6–83·6) in the short-course ADT group. Toxicity of grade 3 or higher was reported for 121 (17%) of 737 participants in the no ADT group and 100 (14%) of 743 in the short-course ADT group (p=0·15), with no treatment-related deaths. Interpretation Metastatic disease is uncommon following postoperative bed radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy. Adding 6 months of ADT to this radiotherapy did not improve metastasis-free survival compared with no ADT. These findings do not support the use of short-course ADT with postoperative radiotherapy in this patient population