The time series distribution of daily HFRS cases, meteorological and air-pollution factors in Shenyang from 2005–2019.

The time series distribution of daily HFRS cases, meteorological and air-pollution factors in Shenyang from 2005–2019.</p

Stratified characteristics of the hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) seasonal cases of Shenyang.

Stratified characteristics of the hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) seasonal cases of Shenyang.</p

Descriptive statistics for daily HFRS cases, meteorological and air-pollution factors in Shenyang, 2005–2019.

Descriptive statistics for daily HFRS cases, meteorological and air-pollution factors in Shenyang, 2005–2019.</p

The geographical location of Shenyang City in China.

The map was created by ArcGIS 10.3 (Environmental Systems Research Institute; Redlands, CA, USA). The base map was acquired from the data center for geographic sciences and natural sources research, CAS (http://www.resdc.cn/data.aspx?DATAID=201). (TIF)</p

Effect of different meteorological and air-pollution variables on the incidence of HFRS at different days for total, gender (male, female), age (20–50 years, and 50-years) and delay groups (0–4 days, 5–9 days and 10-days) in Shenyang.

Effect of different meteorological and air-pollution variables on the incidence of HFRS at different days for total, gender (male, female), age (20–50 years, and 50-years) and delay groups (0–4 days, 5–9 days and 10-days) in Shenyang.</p

Tests of goodness of fit for the error series of HFRS incidence from the Holt-Winters method.

(a)Autocorrelation function (ACF) plot for the seasonal Holt-Winters residual series; (A)Autocorrelation function (ACF) plot for the monthly Holt-Winters residual series; (b) Partial autocorrelation function (PACF) plot for the seasonal Holt-Winters residual series; (B) Partial autocorrelation function (PACF) plot for the monthly Holt-Winters residual series; (c) Standardized residual seasonal Holt-Winters series; (C) Standardized residual monthly Holt-Winters series. These manifested its adequacy and suitability of this data-driven hybrid model for the data. (TIF)</p

Fitting function variables and distribution of fitted values created based on the boosted regression tree models.

Fitting function variables and distribution of fitted values created based on the boosted regression tree models.</p

The cumulative effects of extreme (25^th and 75^th percentile vs. median level) meteorological and air-pollution factors on HFRS cases of children by sex, age and delay.

The cumulative effects of extreme (25th and 75th percentile vs. median level) meteorological and air-pollution factors on HFRS cases of children by sex, age and delay.</p

Resulting comparisons of the HFRS seasonal and monthly incidences using the preferred two models.

The deep shaded regions indicate 80% confidence intervals, the light shaded regions indicate 95% confidence intervals.</p

Autocorrelation function (ACF) and partial ACF charts of seasonal (A, B) and monthly (C, D) HFRS incidence with SARIMA model.

Autocorrelation function (ACF) and partial ACF charts of seasonal (A, B) and monthly (C, D) HFRS incidence with SARIMA model.</p