Solubilities of Naringin Dihydrochalcone in Pure Solvents and Mixed Solvents at Different Temperatures

Naringin dihydrochalcone (naringin DC) is an intense sweetener and a strong antioxidant with potential applications in many food and pharmaceutical products. However, the poor solubility and stability of naringin DC in aqueous systems at room temperature severely limits its applications in these areas. The solubility of naringin dihydochalone was quantified in water, ethyl acetate, binary solvent mixtures of methanol + water and ethanol + water by a synthetic method at different temperatures. The solubility of naringin DC in a given solvent increases with the rising temperature. The experimental data were well correlated with an Apelblat equation and Universal Quasichemical model. Moreover, the physical properties and crystal habit of naringin DC were discussed through a thermogravimetric analyzer, a differential scanning colorimeter, and a scanning electron microscope

Solubilities of 4′,5,7-Triacetoxyflavanone in Fourteen Organic Solvents at Different Temperatures

The solubilities of 4′,5,7-triacetoxyflavanone in eight different alcohols, 2-methoxyethanol, 2-propoxyethanol, 2-butoxyethanol, ethyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran, and acetone have been measured with an HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography) analysis method at the experimental temperature from 278.2 to 318.2 K. The solubilities of 4′,5,7-triacetoxyflavanone in selected solvents increase with an increasing of temperature. The solubilities of 4′,5,7-triacetoxyflavanone were correlated with the modified Apelblat equation and universal quasichemical (UNIQUAC) equation, respectively. The correlated solubilities were in good accordance with the measured data at the experimental temperature. Furthermore, the crystal habits of 4′,5,7-triacetoxyflavanone in selected solvents were studied in this work

Solubilities of Three Flavonoids in Different Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents at <i>T</i> = (288.15 to 328.15) K

The solubilities of phloretin, phlorizin, and naringin dihydrochacone (naringin DC) respectively were determined in a ternary system made of natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) at the temperature range from 288.15 to 328.15 K with an analytical method. Compared with the solubility of phloretin in water, there was a dramatic improvement in the solubility of phloretin in the selected NADES, especially in CCiH and CSH. The density and viscosity of four kinds of NADES choline chloride + glucose + H₂O, choline chloride + citric acid + H₂O, citric acid + glucose + H₂O, and choline chloride + sucrose + H₂O were studied in this work. The solubility data were correlated with Apelblat equation and <i>λh</i> equation. The fitted results showed that the models are capable of representing the data with high accuracy

Modified Method for Measuring the Solubility of Pharmaceutical Compounds in Organic Solvents by Visual Camera

A modified synthetic method with a high definition visual camera technique for measuring the solubility of solutes in solvents or mixed solvents was proposed. To verify the reliability of the experimental apparatus, the solubility of NH₄Cl in water was determined at different temperatures. The relative standard errors were less than 1%, compared to the literature data. The solubilities of betulonic acid in six organic solvents from (278.15 to 313.15) K were measured and correlated with the Apelblat equation and universal quasichemical equation, respectively. The modified method was quite concise and user-friendly, and made the process of dissolution to become visualized and automatic

Measurement and Correlation of Solubility of Theobromine, Theophylline, and Caffeine in Water and Organic Solvents at Various Temperatures

The solubility of theobromine, theophylline, and caffeine in water and five organic solvents including methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, ethyl acetate, and acetone was determined by a high performance liquid chromatography method at <i>T</i> = (288.15 to 328.15) K and atmospheric pressure. It was found that the solubility of theobromine, theophylline, and caffeine in these solvents increased with increasing temperature. The empirical Apelblat equation and universal quasichemical model were used to correlate the experimental solubility. The results showed that both models can satisfactorily correlate the solubility data. The crystal forms of the solutes in equilibrium with the saturated solution were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and powder X-ray diffraction

Bioinspired Thermochromic Textile Based on Robust Cellulose Aerogel Fiber for Self-Adaptive Thermal Management and Dynamic Labels

Aerogel fiber has emerged recently for incorporation in personal thermal management textiles due to its flexibility, scalability, and ultrahigh porosity, which allows the body to keep warm via thermal isolation without energy consumption. However, the functionalization and intellectualization of cellulose-based aerogel fibers have not yet been fully developed. Herein, we propose a biomimicking design inspired by polar bear and Siamese cat hair that combines porous cellulose aerogel fiber (CAF) with reversible thermochromic microcapsules to mimic biological sensory and adaptive thermoregulation functions. The produced CAF has a controllable pore structure, a large specific surface area (230 m2/g), and excellent mechanical strength (∼15 MPa). Low-temperature darkening microcapsules have been incorporated into the robust CAF to spontaneously adjust color by perceiving the ambient temperature. The functional aerogel fiber fabric achieves high thermal insulation and photothermal modulation simultaneously at temperatures below 18 °C. The temperature of the thermochromic fabric was higher by 6 °C than that of the sample without the microcapsules at a light intensity of 0.2 W/cm2. In addition, the aerogel fibers mixed with two types of thermochromic microcapsules exhibit three color switches with fast response, a color-control precision of 0.2 °C, and good cycling performance. This smart aerogel fibers hold great promise for self-adaptive thermal management, temperature indication, information transfer, and anticounterfeiting in textiles

Bioinspired Thermochromic Textile Based on Robust Cellulose Aerogel Fiber for Self-Adaptive Thermal Management and Dynamic Labels

Aerogel fiber has emerged recently for incorporation in personal thermal management textiles due to its flexibility, scalability, and ultrahigh porosity, which allows the body to keep warm via thermal isolation without energy consumption. However, the functionalization and intellectualization of cellulose-based aerogel fibers have not yet been fully developed. Herein, we propose a biomimicking design inspired by polar bear and Siamese cat hair that combines porous cellulose aerogel fiber (CAF) with reversible thermochromic microcapsules to mimic biological sensory and adaptive thermoregulation functions. The produced CAF has a controllable pore structure, a large specific surface area (230 m2/g), and excellent mechanical strength (∼15 MPa). Low-temperature darkening microcapsules have been incorporated into the robust CAF to spontaneously adjust color by perceiving the ambient temperature. The functional aerogel fiber fabric achieves high thermal insulation and photothermal modulation simultaneously at temperatures below 18 °C. The temperature of the thermochromic fabric was higher by 6 °C than that of the sample without the microcapsules at a light intensity of 0.2 W/cm2. In addition, the aerogel fibers mixed with two types of thermochromic microcapsules exhibit three color switches with fast response, a color-control precision of 0.2 °C, and good cycling performance. This smart aerogel fibers hold great promise for self-adaptive thermal management, temperature indication, information transfer, and anticounterfeiting in textiles

Bioinspired Thermochromic Textile Based on Robust Cellulose Aerogel Fiber for Self-Adaptive Thermal Management and Dynamic Labels

Aerogel fiber has emerged recently for incorporation in personal thermal management textiles due to its flexibility, scalability, and ultrahigh porosity, which allows the body to keep warm via thermal isolation without energy consumption. However, the functionalization and intellectualization of cellulose-based aerogel fibers have not yet been fully developed. Herein, we propose a biomimicking design inspired by polar bear and Siamese cat hair that combines porous cellulose aerogel fiber (CAF) with reversible thermochromic microcapsules to mimic biological sensory and adaptive thermoregulation functions. The produced CAF has a controllable pore structure, a large specific surface area (230 m2/g), and excellent mechanical strength (∼15 MPa). Low-temperature darkening microcapsules have been incorporated into the robust CAF to spontaneously adjust color by perceiving the ambient temperature. The functional aerogel fiber fabric achieves high thermal insulation and photothermal modulation simultaneously at temperatures below 18 °C. The temperature of the thermochromic fabric was higher by 6 °C than that of the sample without the microcapsules at a light intensity of 0.2 W/cm2. In addition, the aerogel fibers mixed with two types of thermochromic microcapsules exhibit three color switches with fast response, a color-control precision of 0.2 °C, and good cycling performance. This smart aerogel fibers hold great promise for self-adaptive thermal management, temperature indication, information transfer, and anticounterfeiting in textiles

Volumetric Properties and Viscosity <i>B-</i>Coefficients for the Ternary Systems Epigallocatechin Gallate + MCl + H₂O (M = Li, Na, K) at Temperatures 288.15–308.15 K

Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is the most abundant and active components in tea. In this text, the density and viscosity of ternary aqueous solution of EGCG containing LiCl/NaCl/KCl were determined at temperatures ranging from 288.15 to 308.15 K at atmospheric pressure. The density data was used to compute the apparent molar volumes (<i>V</i>_φ), limiting partial molar volumes (<i>V</i>_φ⁰), and transfer partial molar volumes (Δ_trs<i>V</i>_φ⁰). The viscosity <i>B</i>-Coefficients were calculated from the measured viscosity data using the extended Jones–Dole equation. The values of density and viscosity increased continuously with the increasing of molality of EGCG and decreased with the temperature increasing. The positive values including (<i>V</i>_φ, <i>V</i>_φ⁰, Δ_trs<i>V</i>_φ⁰, viscosity <i>B</i>-Coefficients, the free energies of activation for solvent Δμ₁^0≠, and for solute Δμ₂^0≠) and Helper’s constant (∂²<i>V</i>_φ⁰/∂<i>T</i>²)_p close to zero indicated the presence of strong solute–solvent interactions and the structure–making effect of EGCG in the investigated solutions. The apparent molar isobaric expansions (<i>E</i>_φ⁰) decreasing with temperature suggested that the solute–solvent interactions became weaker as temperature increased. These significant parameters could provide necessary data about molecular interactions occurring in simulated body fluids