Perencanaan Sistem Pengelolaan Sampah Terpadu di Kawasan Pasar Flamboyan Kota Pontianak

Sampah merupakan konsekuensi kehidupan yang sering menimbulkan masalah, dan jumlahnya akan semakin meningkat seiring dengan peningkatan jumlah penduduk dan beragam aktivitasnya.Pasar Flamboyan adalah pasar terbesar di Kalimantan Barat.Pasar ini memiliki ± 1700 pedagang dan dibuka setiap hari.Disana terdapat ruko dengan jumlah 53 unit, kios sebanyak 203 unit dan los sebanyak 1498 unit.Saat ini Pasar Flamboyan belum mempunyai sistem pengelolaan sampah terpadu. Hal tersebut akan mengakibatkan banyaknya jumlah sampah yang dihasilkan dari setiap kegiatan. Sampah yang dihasilkan dari berbagai macam penjualan akan menghasilkan sampah yang beragam pula. Penanganan sampah setiap harinya di Pasar Flamboyan untuk saat ini masih menggunakan cara lama yaitu sampah dikumpulkan ke suatu tempat pembuangan sampah sementara lalu pada sore harinya sampah diangkut oleh pihak dari dinas kebersihan untuk dibawa ke TPA. Tujuan dari perencanaan ini yaitu untuk mengetahui total timbulan sampah dan komposisi sampah yang dihasilkan di kawasan Pasar Flamboyan serta untuk merencanakan sistem pengelolaan sampah terpadu di Kawasan Pasar Flamboyan. Perencanaan pengelolaan sampah di Kawasan meliputi perencanaan dari seluruh aspek operasional pengelolaan sampah yaitu perencanaan pewadahan sampah, pengumpulan dan pengangkutan sampah serta pengolahan sampah di Kawasan Pasar Flamboyan. Pengambilan data primer dilakukan dengan cara sampling timbulan dan komposisi sampah. Sampling dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode SNI 19-3694-1994 yaitu pengukuran sampah dengan menggunakan sampling box selama delapan hari berturut-turut yang kemudian akan menghasilkan data volume, berat jenis dan komposisi sampah. Digunakan juga kuisioner untuk mengumpulkan data dari pedagang yang berupa daftar pertanyaan yang disampaikan kepada responden untuk dijawab secara tertulis.Sampel sampah yang diambil masing-masing 3 sampel untuk setiap jenis los, kios dan ruko.Pengambilan sampel dilakukan setiap hari pada pukul 10.00 WIB selama delapan hari berturut-turut ke setiap sumber sampah yang telah ditentukan. Dari hasil perhitungan didapatkan bahwa total timbulan sampah di Kawasan Pasar Flamboyan adalah sebanyak 9,0370 m3/hari sampah organik dan sebanyak 1,0503 m3/hari sampah anorganik. Jumlah pewadahan di tiap sumber sampah ditentukan dari perhitungan rata-rata volume sampah perhari dibagi dengan ukuran tong sampah yang akan digunakan pada sumber tersebut. Jumlah pewadahan yang dibutuhkan untuk tiap sumber sampah Pasar Flamboyan untuk kios dan ruko yaitu sebanyak 79 buah tong sampah ukuran 10 liter dan 95 buah tong sampah ukuran 20 liter. Jumlah alat angkut sampah yang dibutuhkan untuk Pasar Flamboyan yaitu sebanyak 3 buah gerobak.TPST di Kawasan Pasar Flamboyan direncanakan akan berlokasi di bagian belakang Pasar Flamboyan. Jumlah lahan yang dibutuhkan untuk pembangunan TPST Pasar Flamboyan adalah seluas 207,27 m2. Rencana anggaran biaya untuk biaya investasi yaitu sebesar Rp 960.642.206,00. Laba yang diperoleh dari hasil pengolahan sampah yaitu Rp 39.600.000,00/tahun. Biaya hasil retribusi kebersihan dari pedagang yaitu Rp 505.152.000,00/tahun. Dana yang akan dikeluarkan Pasar Flamboyan untuk operasional dan pemeliharaan yaitu Rp 254.760.000,00/tahun

Never cross the red line? Analysing employment relations practices and the behaviour of front-line managers in Chinese McDonald’s stores

Based on a qualitative case study of McDonald's stores in China, this article examines the behaviour of front-line managers (FLMs) in employment relations practices. The findings first identify different types of FLMs' behaviours, taking into account the degree of role conflict in their managerial work and the varying pressure to respond to corporate human resource management/employment relations (HRM/ERs) policies. Second, the findings illustrate that the behaviours of FLMs are also shaped by the external ER regulatory context, which is related to regulatory constraints (or voids) and their implementation (or not) and third, that FLMs tend to exert their own agency in responding to HRM/ER policies when facing increased role conflict.</p

Never cross the red line? Analysing employment relations practices and the behaviour of front-line managers in Chinese McDonald’s stores

Based on a qualitative case study of McDonald's stores in China, this article examines the behaviour of front-line managers (FLMs) in employment relations practices. The findings first identify different types of FLMs' behaviours, taking into account the degree of role conflict in their managerial work and the varying pressure to respond to corporate human resource management/employment relations (HRM/ERs) policies. Second, the findings illustrate that the behaviours of FLMs are also shaped by the external ER regulatory context, which is related to regulatory constraints (or voids) and their implementation (or not) and third, that FLMs tend to exert their own agency in responding to HRM/ER policies when facing increased role conflict.</p

Identifying Risk Factors and Their Premia: A Study on Electricity Prices

We propose a multi-factor model and an estimation method based on particle MCMC to identify risk factors in electricity prices. Our model identifies long-run prices, shortrun deviations, and spikes as three main risk factors in electricity spot prices. Under our model, different risk factors have distinct impacts on futures prices and can carry different risk premia. We generalize the Fama-French regressions to analyze properties of true risk premia. We show that model specification plays an important role in detecting time varying risk premia. Using spot and futures prices in the Germany/Austria market, we demonstrate that our proposed model surpasses alternative models that have less risk factors in forecasting spot prices and in detecting time varying risk premia

Organoselenium-Catalyzed Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling of Alkenes and Azlactones

The carbon–carbon bond-forming cross-dehydrogenative coupling of alkenes and azlactones by organoselenium catalysis involving a high-valent para-methoxyphenyl selenium species is disclosed. A series of α,α-disubstituted α-amino acid derivatives were obtained in excellent regioselectivities through vinyl or allylic C–H functionalization. The generality of the method was elucidated by the cross-coupling of an alkene with an oxindole and the direct functionalization of electron-rich arenes with azlactones

ROC analysis for cytokines in discriminating TB infected vs. uninfected group.

ROC analysis for cytokines in discriminating TB infected vs. uninfected group.</p

Forest plots from meta-analysis of weighed mean difference in flow-mediated dilation for subjects randomized to fish oil or control groups.

<p>The effect size of each study is proportional to the statistical weight. The diamond indicates the overall summary estimate for the analysis; the width of the diamond represents the 95% CI. FMD, flow-mediated dialtion; WMD, weighed mean difference; CI, confidence interval.</p

Subgroup analyses for the effect of fish oil supplementation on flow-mediated dilation according to predefined study characteristics.

<p>FMD, flow-mediated dilation; BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; TG, triglyceride; TC, total cholesterol; ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; DHA, docosahexaenoic acid; EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid; R, randomized; DB, double-blinded; PC, placebo-controlled; WMD, weighed mean difference; CI, confidence interval.</p

IL-2/IFN-γ ratio in subjects with active TB (ATB group) and in subjects with latent TB infection (LTBI group) after long-term stimulation by PPD (A) and ESAT-6/CFP-10 (B).

<p>Horizontal lines indicate the median IL-2/IFN-γ ratio. The ROC analysis use subjects with active TB as patients and subjects with latent TB as controls. The ROC curve and AUC are also shown.</p