38 research outputs found

    Initial leaf and root chemistry of the three dominant plant species in a desertified dune grassland in Northern China.

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    <p>Initial leaf and root chemistry of the three dominant plant species in a desertified dune grassland in Northern China.</p

    Nitrogen remaining (% of initial) vs. dry mass remaining for all replicates, harvests, and treatments in leaves and roots of the three studied species.

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    <p>The dashed line indicates the initial N value of 100%. The abbreviations are as in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0162663#pone.0162663.g002" target="_blank">Fig 2</a>.</p

    Data_Sheet_1_Effect of thoracic paravertebral nerve block on delirium in patients after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.docx

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    BackgroundNerve blocks are widely used in various surgeries to alleviate postoperative pain and promote recovery. However, the impact of nerve block on delirium remains contentious. This study aims to systematically evaluate the influence of Thoracic Paravertebral Nerve Block (TPVB) on the incidence of delirium in patients post Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS).MethodsWe conducted a systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Scopus databases in June 2023. The search strategy combined free-text and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms, including perioperative cognitive dysfunction, delirium, postoperative cognitive dysfunction, paravertebral nerve block, thoracic surgery, lung surgery, pulmonary surgery, and esophageal/esophagus surgery. We utilized a random effects model for the analysis and synthesis of effect sizes.ResultsWe included a total of 9 RCTs involving 1,123 participants in our study. In VATS, TPVB significantly reduced the incidence of delirium on postoperative day three (log(OR): −0.62, 95% CI [−1.05, −0.18], p = 0.01, I2 = 0.00%) and postoperative day seven (log(OR): −0.94, 95% CI [−1.39, −0.49], p 2 = 0.00%). Additionally, our study indicates the effectiveness of TPVB in postoperative pain relief (g: −0.82, 95% CI [−1.15, −0.49], p 2 = 72.60%).ConclusionThe comprehensive results suggest that in patients undergoing VATS, TPVB significantly reduces the incidence of delirium and notably diminishes pain scores.Systematic review registrationCRD42023435528. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO.</p

    Dry mass remaining and decomposition rates in leaves and roots of the three species in the four treatments: N addition, water addition, combined addition of N and water, and control.

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    <p>The values are means±SE (<i>n</i> = 5). The results of two-way ANOVA (N addition and water addition as main effects) are shown on each sampling date for each litter type of the three species. Significant effects of nitrogen addition and water addition on dry mass loss is indicated by * and #, respectively, at each sampling time. * or # (<i>p</i><0.05); **(<i>p</i><0.01); ***(<i>p</i><0.001). The abbreviations are as in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0162663#pone.0162663.g002" target="_blank">Fig 2</a>.</p

    Microclimatic conditions during the experimental period from 2010 to 2013 at the study site: natural rainfall, artificial rainfall (water addition) and mean temperature.

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    <p>Microclimatic conditions during the experimental period from 2010 to 2013 at the study site: natural rainfall, artificial rainfall (water addition) and mean temperature.</p

    Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Multishelled Cationic Corona for the Systemic Delivery of siRNA

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    We propose an effective siRNA delivery system by preparing poly­(DAMA-HEMA)-multilayered gold nanoparticles using multiple surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization processes. The polymeric multilayer structure is characterized by transmission electron microscopy, matrix-associated laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, UV–vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, and ζ-potential. The amount of siRNA electrostatically incorporated into the nanoparticle can be tuned by the number of polymeric shells, which in turn influences the cellular uptake and gene silencing effect. In a bioreductive environment, the interlayer disulfide bond breaks to release the siRNA from the degraded polymeric shells. Intravenously injected c-Myc siRNA-incorporated particles accumulate in the tumor site of a murine lung carcinoma model and significantly suppress the tumor growth. Therefore, the combination of a size-tunable AuNP core and an ATRP-functionalized shell offers control and versatility in the effective delivery of siRNA

    Decreasing Nitrogen Fertilizer Input Had Little Effect on Microbial Communities in Three Types of Soils

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    <div><p>In this study, we examined the influence of different nitrogen (N) application rates (0, 168, 240, 270 and 312 kg N ha<sup>-1</sup>) on soil properties, maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) yields and microbial communities of three types of soils (clay, alluvial and sandy soils). Phospholipid fatty acid analysis was used to characterize soil microbial communities. Results indicated that N fertilization significantly decreased microbial biomass in both clay and sandy soils regardless of application rate. These decreases were more likely a result of soil pH decreases induced by N fertilization, especially in the sandy soils. This is supported by structural equation modeling and redundancy analysis results. Nitrogen fertilization also led to significant changes in soil microbial community composition. However, the change differences were gradually dismissed with increase in N application rate. We also observed that N fertilization increased maize yields to the same level regardless of application rate. This suggests that farmers could apply N fertilizers at a lower rate (i.e. 168 kg N ha<sup>-1</sup>), which could achieve high maize yield on one hand while maintain soil microbial functions on the other hand.</p></div
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