Data_Sheet_1_Individual alpha frequency appears unrelated to the latency of early visual responses.docx

A large body of work has linked neural oscillations in the alpha-band (8–13 Hz) to visual perceptual outcomes. In particular, studies have found that alpha phase prior to stimulus onset predicts stimulus detection, and sensory responses and that the frequency of alpha can predict temporal properties of perception. These findings have bolstered the idea that alpha-band oscillations reflect rhythmic sampling of visual information, however the mechanisms of this are unclear. Recently two contrasting hypotheses have been proposed. According to the rhythmic perception account, alpha oscillations impose phasic inhibition on perceptual processing and primarily modulate the amplitude or strength of visual responses and thus the likelihood of stimulus detection. On the other hand, the discrete perception account proposes that alpha activity discretizes perceptual inputs thereby reorganizing the timing (not only the strength) of perceptual and neural processes. In this paper, we sought neural evidence for the discrete perception account by assessing the correlation between individual alpha frequencies (IAF) and the latency of early visual evoked event-related potential (ERP) components. If alpha cycles were responsible for shifting neural events in time, then we may expect higher alpha frequencies to be associated with earlier afferent visual ERPs. Participants viewed large checkerboard stimuli presented to either the upper or lower visual field that were designed to elicit a large C1 ERP response (thought to index feedforward primary visual cortex activation). We found no reliable correlation between IAF and the C1 latency, or subsequent ERP component latencies, suggesting that the timing of these visual-evoked potentials was not modulated by alpha frequency. Our results thus fail to find evidence for discrete perception at the level of early visual responses but leave open the possibility of rhythmic perception.</p

Steam-Stable Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework ZIF-90 Membrane with Hydrogen Selectivity through Covalent Functionalization

A novel covalent functionalization strategy was developed to prepare reproducible ZIF-90 molecular sieve membranes by using 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane as a covalent linker between the ZIF-90 layer and Al2O3 support via imines condensation. The ZIF-90 membranes show high thermal and hydrothermal stabilities, and they allow the separation of hydrogen from larger gases by molecular sieving

Mitochondrial genome of <i>Liposcelis decolor</i>.

<p>Transcriptional orientation is indicated with arrows. Protein-coding genes, ribosomal RNA genes and transfer RNA genes are shown in orange, blue and green respectively. tRNA genes for the two serine and two leucine tRNAs: S₁  =  AGN, S₂  =  UCN, L₁  =  CUN, and L₂  =  UUR. The non-coding regions larger than 60 bp are indicated in black. CR  =  putative control region. Arrows and purple curves indicate primers and PCR fragment, respectively. See <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0091902#pone.0091902.s004" target="_blank">Table S1</a> for sequence of PCR primers.</p

The Complete Mitochondrial Genome of the Booklouse, <i>Liposcelis decolor</i>: Insights into Gene Arrangement and Genome Organization within the Genus <i>Liposcelis</i>

<div><p>Booklice in the genus <i>Liposcelis</i> are pests of stored grain products. They pose a considerable economic threat to global food security and safety. To date, the complete mitochondrial genome has only been determined for a single booklouse species <i>Liposcelis bostrychophila.</i> Unlike most bilateral animals, which have their 37 mt genes on one circular chromosome, ≈15 kb in size, the mt genome of <i>L. bostrychophila</i> has two circular chromosomes, 8 and 8.5 kb in size. Here, we report the mt genome of another booklouse, <i>Liposcelis decolor</i>. The mt genome of <i>L. decolor</i> has the typical mt chromosome of bilateral animals, 14,405 bp long with 37 genes (13 PCGs, 22 tRNAs and 2 rRNAs). However, the arrangement of these genes in <i>L. decolor</i> differs substantially from that observed in <i>L. bostrychophila</i> and other insects. With the exception of <i>atp8-atp6</i>, <i>L. decolor</i> differs from <i>L. bostrychophila</i> in the arrangement of all of the other 35 genes. The variation in the mt genome organization and mt gene arrangement between the two <i>Liposcelis</i> species is unprecedented for closely related animals in the same genus. Furthermore, our results indicate that the two-chromosome mt genome organization observed in <i>L. bostrychophila</i> likely evolved recently after <i>L. bostrychophila</i> and <i>L. decolor</i> split from their most recent common ancestor.</p></div

Development and Applications of Fluorescent Indicators for Mg²⁺ and Zn²⁺

In a study of the spectroscopic behavior of two Schiff base derivatives, salicylaldehyde salicylhydrazone (1) and salicylaldehyde benzoylhydrazone (2), Schiff base 1 has high selectivity for Zn2+ ion not only in abiotic systems but also in living cells. The ion selectivity of 1 for Zn2+ can be switched for Mg2+ by swapping the solvent from ethanol−water to DMF (N,N-dimethylformamide)−water mixtures. Imine 2 is a good fluorescent probe for Zn2+ in ethanol−water media. Many other ions tested, such as Li+, Na+, Al3+, K+, Ca2+, Cr3+, Mn2+, Fe3+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Ag+, Cd2+, Sn2+, Ba2+, Hg2+, and Pb2+, failed to induce any spectral change in various solvents. The selectivity mechanism of 1 and 2 for metal ions is based on a combinational effect of proton transfer (ESPT), CN isomerization, and chelation-enhanced fluorescence (CHEF). The coordination modes of the complexes were investigated

Stem-loop secondary structures of two non-coding regions of <i>Liposcelis decolor</i>.

<p>A, Stem-loop secondary structure of the 118 bp non-coding sequence; B, Stem-loop secondary structure of the 69 bp non-coding sequence.</p

Putative secondary structures of the 22 tRNA genes identified in the mitochondrial genome of <i>Liposcelis decolor</i>.

<p>Bars indicate Watson-Crick base pairings, and dots between G and U pairs mark canonical base pairings in RNA.</p

Relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU) for protein coding genes of <i>Liposcelis decolor</i> and <i>L. bostrychophila</i>.

<p>Abbreviations of tRNA genes are according to the single letter according to the IPUC-IUB one-letter amino acid codes.</p

Synthesis of 1,4-Bis[2,2-bis(4-alkoxyphenyl)vinyl]benzenes and Side Chain Modulation of Their Solid-State Emission

A series of 1,4-bis[2,2-bis(4-alkoxyphenyl)vinyl]benzene molecules with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) activity were synthesized. The conformations and packing arrangements of these molecules in the solid state can be adjusted by changing the side chains, which subsequently modulates their solid-state emission. The fluorescence quantum yield of 1e with the n-C6H13 side chain in the solid state could reach up to 60.3% in the solid state

Tuning the Selectivity of Two Chemosensors to Fe(III) and Cr(III)

Two rhodamine-based chemosensors (1 and 2) were designed, and their sensing behavior toward metal ions was investigated by fluorescence spectroscopies. 1 and 2 achieved tuning the selectivity to Fe(III) and Cr(III) in 100% aqueous solution, whereas other ions including Cd(II), Co(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), Zn(II), Mg(II), Ba(II), Pb(II), Na(I), and K(I) induced basically no spectral change, which constituted a Fe(III)-selective and a Cr(III)-selective fluorescent chemosensor, respectively